Effect of Crop Volume on Contraction Rate in Adult House Fly

Stoffolano, John G.; Patel, Bhavi; Tran, Lynn Uyen

doi:10.1603/an13127

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The present study demonstrated that the crop of adult female A. aegypti spontaneously contracts in vitro at a rate of ~6 contractions per min; which is noticeably lower than corresponding rates (15–90 contractions per min) in P. regina , M. domestica, and D. melanogaster (Haselton et al 2006; Kaminski et al 2002; Liscia et al 2012; Solari et al 2017, 2013; Stoffolano et al 2014b; Stoffolano et al 2013). Whether the lower spontaneous contraction rate in female mosquitoes is adaptive to their hematophagous life style remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…In P. regina , extracellular Ca 2+ is essential for crop muscle contraction, and hemolymph osmolality modulates the rate of contraction (Gelperin, 1966; Liscia et al 2012; Solari et al 2013). Moreover, the volume of liquid within the crop influences the contraction rates in both P. regina and M. domestica (Holling, 1976; Stoffolano et al 2014b). Neuropeptides, such as adipokinetic hormone (AKH), dromyosuppressin (DMS), drosulfakinin, and FMRFamide, and biogenic amines, such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and octopamine, modulate crop contraction rates in P. regina and/or D. melanogaster (Duttlinger et al 2002; Liscia et al 2012; Palmer et al 2007; Solari et al 2017; Stoffolano et al 2013; Stoffolano et al 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological characterization and regulation of the contractile properties of the mosquito ventral diverticulum (crop)

Calkins

DeLaat

Piermarini

2017

Journal of Insect Physiology

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In adult dipteran insects (flies), the crop is a diverticulum of the esophagus that serves as a food storage organ. The crop pumps stored contents into the alimentary canal for digestion and absorption. The pumping is mediated by peristaltic contractions of the crop musculature. In adult female mosquitoes, the crop (ventral diverticulum) selectively stores sugar solutions (e.g., nectar); proteinaceous blood meals by-pass the crop and are transferred directly to the midgut for digestion. The mechanisms that regulate crop contractions have never been investigated in mosquitoes. Here we provide the first physiological characterization of the contractile properties of the mosquito crop and explore the mechanisms that regulate crop contractions. Using an in vitro bioassay we found that the isolated crop spontaneously contracts in Ringer solution for at least 1 hour and its contractions are dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Adding serotonin (5- hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) or a membrane-permeable analog of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to the extracellular bath increased the frequency of crop contractions. On the other hand, adding benzethonium chloride (BzCl; a chemical that mimics the effects of myosuppressins), H-89 or Rp-cAMPS (inhibitors of protein kinase A, PKA), or carbenoxolone (an inhibitor of gap junctions) reduced the frequency of the unstimulated, spontaneous and/or 5-HT-stimulated crop contractions. Adding aedeskinin III did not detectably alter crop contraction rates. In addition to pharmacological evidence of gap junctions, we demonstrated that the crop expressed several mRNAs encoding gap junctional proteins (i.e. innexins). Furthermore, we localized immunoreactivity for innexin 2 and innexin 3 to muscle and epithelial cells of the crop, respectively. Our results 1) suggest that 5-HT and myosupressins oppositely regulate contractile activity of the mosquito crop, and 2) provide the first evidence for putative roles of cAMP, PKA, and gap junctions in modulating contractile activity of the dipteran crop.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological characterization and regulation of the contractile properties of the mosquito ventral diverticulum (crop)

Calkins

DeLaat

Piermarini

2017

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…As with P . regina [61] and Musca domestica [62], the trend is the same (i.e., empty crops have few contractions; and, as crop volume increases there is an increase which peaks, followed by a decline where a full crop has contraction rates similar to those with the least volume). This decline is believed to be due to the inability of the supercontractile muscles to function beyond a confined stretch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposite effects of 5-HT/AKH and octopamine on the crop contractions in adult Drosophila melanogaster: Evidence of a double brain-gut serotonergic circuitry

et al. 2017

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This study showed that in adult Drosophila melanogaster, the type of sugar—either present within the crop lumen or in the bathing solution of the crop—had no effect on crop muscle contraction. What is important, however, is the volume within the crop lumen. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that exogenous applications of serotonin on crop muscles increases both the amplitude and the frequency of crop contraction rate, while adipokinetic hormone mainly enhances the crop contraction frequency. Conversely, octopamine virtually silenced the overall crop activity. The present study reports for the first time an analysis of serotonin effects along the gut-brain axis in adult D. melanogaster. Injection of serotonin into the brain between the interocellar area shows that brain applications of serotonin decrease the frequency of crop activity. Based on our results, we propose that there are two different, opposite pathways for crop motility control governed by serotonin: excitatory when added in the abdomen (i.e., directly bathing the crop) and inhibitory when supplied within the brain (i.e., by injection). Finally, our results point to a double brain-gut serotonergic circuitry suggesting that not only the brain can affect gut functions, but the gut can also affect the central nervous system. On the basis of our results, and data in the literature, a possible mechanism for these two discrete serotonergic functions is suggested.

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Effect of chitosan on adult longevity when fed, in no‐choice experiments, to Musca domestica L., Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart, and Phormia regina (Meigen) adults and its consumption in adult Musca domestica L

Stoffolano

Wong

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: The literature reports that more research needs to be done on using chitosan as an environmentally friendly bioinsecticide, especially against dipterans. Thus, we examined the effect of chitosan when fed, in no-choice experiments, to adult Musca domestica, Tabanus nigrovittatus, and Phormia regina. RESULTS: A 2% chitosan solution was fed, in no-choice experiments, to adults of Musca domestica, Tabanus nigrovittatus, and Phormia regina to study the effects on survivorship. In all species, the uptake of chitosan caused a significant decrease in survivorship. Examination of the digestive tract of house flies showed a thick material within the midgut, plus a shriveling of the midgut only in chitosan-treated flies. A survivorship curve of adult house flies fed a 10% sucrose and 2% w/v ascorbic acid-only solution showed that the effect of the chitosan solution was due to the chitosan and not the ascorbic acid. Intake experiments revealed that by day 2, chitosan treated house flies consumed significantly less of the diet compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Chitosan, a biopesticide, when fed in no-choice experiments to three species of adult flies produced severe mortality within 4-6 days of ingestion. A working hypothesis suggests that by day 2 of the chitosan diet there appears to be a malfunction of the digestive tract and possibly the midgut microbiome.

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Effect of Crop Volume on Contraction Rate in Adult House Fly

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Physiological characterization and regulation of the contractile properties of the mosquito ventral diverticulum (crop)

Physiological characterization and regulation of the contractile properties of the mosquito ventral diverticulum (crop)

Opposite effects of 5-HT/AKH and octopamine on the crop contractions in adult Drosophila melanogaster: Evidence of a double brain-gut serotonergic circuitry

Effect of chitosan on adult longevity when fed, in no‐choice experiments, to Musca domestica L., Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart, and Phormia regina (Meigen) adults and its consumption in adult Musca domestica L

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