Effect of crude plant extracts from some Oaxacan flora on two deleterious fungal phytopathogens and extract compatibility with a biofertilizer strain

Abstract

The antimicrobial activity of 12 plant extracts was tested against the phytopathogens Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani. In addition, the compatibility of the extracts toward Bacillus liqueniformis, a biofertilizer and a non-target microorganism, was assessed. Plants tested belong to the Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Crassulaceae, Rubiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Verbenaceae, Orchidaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Boraginaceae, and Tiliaceae families and were collected in the State of Oaxaca. The antifungal activity of the plant extracts (50–100 mg/mL) against A. alternata and F. solani, was determined by measuring the mycelium radial growth and obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fungal growth. In addition, with the aim of finding plant extracts which are compatible with a B. licheniformis biofertilizer strain and to test the non-toxic nature of the treatments, the toxicity of the extracts toward this strain was evaluated using the agar diffusion method. Azoxystrobin (12 μg) and chloramphenicol (30 μg) were used as positive controls for the pathogens and for the non-target bacteria, respectively. Plant extracts inhibited fungal growth in the ranges of 0.76–56.17% against F. solani and 2.02–69.07% against A. alternata. The extracts of Acalypha subviscida, Ipomoea murucoides, Tournefortia densiflora and Lantana achyranthifolia showed MIC values between 5.77–12.5 mg/mL for at least one of the fungal species. The best treatment, Adenophyllum aurantium, exhibited a maximum inhibition for both F. solani (56.17%, MIC = 7.78 mg/mL) and A. alternata (68.64% MIC = 7.78 mg/mL), and resulted innocuous toward B. licheniformis. Therefore, this plant has an outstanding potential for the agroecological control of fungal phytopathogens in industrial crops.

Study of the Control of Fungus Occurring in Schizolobium amazonicum Seeds with the Use of Pyroligneous Extract

“…and Fusarium sp. [35] is very important for the establishment of field crops. These pathogens can cause much damage and have the ability to infect a wide range of hosts [36].…”

A coating composed of chitosan andCymbopogon citratus(Dc. Ex Nees) essential oil to control Rhizopus soft rot and quality in tomato fruit stored at room temperature

“…However, some countries have avoided the use of these fungicides (RamosGarcía et al, 2012). In recent years, the indiscriminate use of synthetic fungicides to control postharvest diseases in fruit has attracted international concern about significant negative impacts on human health and the environment, as well as the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains (Lira-De León et al, 2014). Thus, many researchers have been investigating safe alternative substances to reduce or even replace the use of synthetic fungicides in fruit (Liu, Tian, Meng, & Xu, 2007;Sánchez-González, Chafer, Chiralt, & González-Martínez, 2010).…”

Antiamoebic Activity of Adenophyllum aurantium (L.) Strother and Its Effect on the Actin Cytoskeleton of Entamoeba histolytica

“…The use of A. aurantium to treat intestinal diseases suggested that it could have antiamoebic activity. Lira-De León et al (2014) previously suggested that ethyl acetate extract from the root was more active than the methanolic extract from the aerial part against fungi. In this work, we decide to analyze the effect on the proliferation of E. histolytica trophozoites, of a methanolic extract of the aerial part ( Aa MeA), a methanolic extract of the root ( Aa MeR) and an ethyl acetate extract of the root ( Aa EaR), all of them at 200 μg/ml.…”

“…Rob., Inula aurantiaca (L.) Spreng., and Tagetes punctate Sessé & Moc 1 . Antimicrobial activity from this plant has been reported against Micrococcus luteus , Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alternaria alternata , and Fusarium solani ; it is also reportedly innocuous toward cell lines such as KB (human nasopharyngeal carcinoma), Caco-2 (human colon carcinoma) and Bacillus liqueniformis ( Frei et al, 1998 ; Lira-De León et al, 2014 ). Aerial parts of this vegetable species are used among Zapotec Indians (healers, midwives, and herbalists) to cure the stomachache ( Frei et al, 1998 ).…”