Effect of cycle-induced crack formation on the hydration behaviour of K2CO3 particles: Experiments and modelling

Beving, M.A.J.M.; Frijns, Ajh Arjan; Rindt, Ccm Camilo; Smeulders, David

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2020.178752

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In recent years, the interest shifted from purely fundamental to application-oriented [4,5]. The interest in potassium carbonate sesquihydrate has followed similar development, where recently, it has been extensively studied as a thermochemical heat storage material [6][7][8][9][10]. Many other concepts and materials are available for heat storage applications [11] and the category of reversible reactions between salt and water vapour, is just one of the approaches under development [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic analysis of dehydration of K2CO3·1.5H2O

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness of that material will steadily increase with time till all material has dehydrated [13]. Water vapour, generated during the reaction, must therefore diffuse through pores and cracks in the anhydrous salt to escape the solid [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of dehydration of K2CO3·1.5H2O

et al. 2022

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“…However, those did not consider the formation of the double salt. None of the recent studies on K 2 CO 3 as a TCM has considered any possible side reactions at all. − Because of the high potential of the salt hydrate as a TCM and the variety of system designs, we believe it is vital to gain insight into the processes that could occur during TCHS system operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Atmospheric CO₂ on Thermochemical Heat Storage Capabilities of K₂CO₃

et al. 2022

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This work investigates the reactions occurring in K 2 CO 3 − H 2 O−CO 2 under ambient CO 2 pressures in temperature and vapor pressure ranges applicable for domestic thermochemical heat storage. The investigation shows that depending on reaction conditions, the primary product of a reaction isis preferred far above the equilibrium conditions for the hydration reaction. On the other hand, the formation of double salt is preferred at conditions where hydration reaction is inhibited or impossible, as the thermogravimetric measurements identified a new phase transition line below the hydration equilibrium line. The combined X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study indicates that this transition line corresponds to the formation of K 2 CO 3 •2KHCO 3 , which was not observed in any earlier study. In view of thermochemical heat storage, the formation of K 2 CO 3 •2KHCO 3 •(1.5H 2 O) increases the minimum charging temperature by approximately 40 °C. Nevertheless, the energy density and cyclability of the storage material can be preserved if the double salt is decomposed after each cycle.

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“…This requirement originates from the fact that salts expand (20− 50%) upon hydration. 30 Flexible outer shells will be able to accommodate this volumetric change without failure. Prehydration of the salts could be considered such that coatings can be applied on already expanded salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the demand for a high permeability, the polymer encapsulating shell should be deformable. This requirement originates from the fact that salts expand (20–50%) upon hydration . Flexible outer shells will be able to accommodate this volumetric change without failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Salt Hydrates by Polymer Coatings for Low-Temperature Heat Storage Applications

Ravensteijn

Donkers²,

Ruliaman³

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Efficient and cheap storage of energy from renewable resources presents a key technology to facilitate the ongoing energy transition. Storing heat in thermochemical materials (TCMs), such as salt hydrates, provides a promising concept to meet this demand. TCMs can capture heat reversibly and loss-free by relying on equilibrium hydration reactions of the salts. Persistent bottlenecks in the full-scale application of this technology are the low mechanical resilience of salt grains and their tendency to coagulate or dissolve when in contact with water vapor. To overcome this, the salt grains can be encapsulated by a stabilizing polymer coating. Ideal coatings combine high water vapor permeability with reversible deformability to minimize the resistance for water transport and to accommodate the volumetric changes of the TCM during repetitive (de)hydration, respectively. Here, a systematic study into the applicability of commercially available polymers as coating materials is presented. Mechanical analysis and wet-cup experiments on freestanding polymer films revealed that cellulose-based coatings successfully combine permeability and ductility and meet the engineering demands for domestic TCM-based heat storage applications. The validity of using freestanding films as model system was confirmed by encapsulating granular TCMs in ethyl and hydroxyl propyl cellulose using fluidized bed coating. The permeability was retained and an enhanced structural integrity of the TCM grains during (de)hydration cycles was observed.

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Effect of cycle-induced crack formation on the hydration behaviour of K2CO3 particles: Experiments and modelling

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Thermodynamic analysis of dehydration of K2CO3·1.5H2O

Thermodynamic analysis of dehydration of K2CO3·1.5H2O

Impact of Atmospheric CO₂ on Thermochemical Heat Storage Capabilities of K₂CO₃

Encapsulation of Salt Hydrates by Polymer Coatings for Low-Temperature Heat Storage Applications

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Effect of cycle-induced crack formation on the hydration behaviour of K2CO3 particles: Experiments and modelling

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Thermodynamic analysis of dehydration of K2CO3·1.5H2O

Thermodynamic analysis of dehydration of K2CO3·1.5H2O

Impact of Atmospheric CO2 on Thermochemical Heat Storage Capabilities of K2CO3

Encapsulation of Salt Hydrates by Polymer Coatings for Low-Temperature Heat Storage Applications

Contact Info

Product

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Impact of Atmospheric CO₂ on Thermochemical Heat Storage Capabilities of K₂CO₃