Effect of Cypermethrin Induced Antioxidant Enzymes Systems in Response to Melatonin Administration in Drosophila Melanogaster

Abstract

Introduction: Melatonin, the main hormonal product of the pineal gland, has pleiotropic bioactivity that encompasses numerous endocrinological and behavioral processes. Melatonin and several of its metabolites function as free radical scavengers and broad-spectrum antioxidants. Due to their small size and amphiphilic nature they can easily reach all cellular compartments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on cypermethrin induced free radical damage in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods: The pro-or antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) and cytochrome P450 were assayed. Results: SOD and cytochrome P450 enzymes show significant increase in the melatonin+synthetic pyrethroid treated group, while GST shows significantly decreased activity in melatonin+synthetic pyrethroid group with respect to control. Lipid peroxidation activity was significantly increased in the synthetic pyrethroid group and also in melatonin+synthetic pyrethroid treated groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, melatonin administered the resulted in activation/increased expression of Cyt P450, GST and SOD titers, showing that melatonin in addition to being an antioxidant molecules, it also participates in eliciting other antioxidant systems in insects.

Melatonin improves cognitive behavior, oxidative stress, and metabolism in tumor‐prone lethal giant larvae mutant of Drosophila melanogaster

“…In the present study, the selected single‐dose of melatonin at 0.025 mM (Coto‐Montes & Hardeland, 1999; Jones et al, 2015; Medina‐Leendertz et al, 2014; Vasuki et al, 2016) appears to be effective for treatment against oxidative stress (Figure 2). The administered melatonin could have alleviated the oxidative stress, thus, reversing the pro‐oxidative effects of lgl mutant strain by demonstrating a significant upregulation in most of the indices of the redox homeostasis.…”

“…The use of a single dose of melatonin instead of an initial dose‐dependent study for the selection of an appropriate dosage lacks in this study. However, when compared to other studies (Coto‐Montes & Hardeland, 1999; Jones et al, 2015; Medina‐Leendertz et al, 2014; Vasuki et al, 2016), the selected dose of melatonin at 0.025 mM is considered optimal and not toxic. Furthermore, given the results of the present study, which had favorably reversed the deleterious effects of oxidative stress, this consequently suggests that this dose is sufficient and economical to conduct large‐scale behavioral and biochemical assays and demonstrate its clinical potential using high‐throughput screening strategy (Willoughby et al, 2013).…”

“…The use of a single dose of melatonin instead of an initial dose-dependent study for the selection of an appropriate dosage lacks in this study. However, when compared to other studies (Coto-Montes & Hardeland, 1999;Jones et al, 2015;Medina-Leendertz et al, 2014;Vasuki et al, 2016), the selected dose of melatonin at 0.025 mM is considered optimal and not toxic. Furthermore,…”

“…Wild type (WT, Canton S) and lgl mutant ( Drosophila Stock Centre, University of Mysore, Mysore, India) were maintained on a diet medium composed of maize powder, yeast, sucrose, and nepagin (anti‐fungal agent) at 20 ± 2°C under 12 h:12 h (light:dark) cycles (Subramanian et al, 2016). Experimental flies were divided into three groups: (i) WT (control), (ii) lgl mutant, and (iii) lgl mutant treated with melatonin (0.025 mM) in medium (Coto‐Montes & Hardeland, 1999; Jones et al, 2015; Medina‐Leendertz et al, 2014; Vasuki et al, 2016). The concentration of melatonin at 0.025 mM is soluble in water.…”

Label‐free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of the circadian proteome of Drosophila melanogaster lethal giant larvae mutants reveals potential therapeutic effects of melatonin

“…Melatonin (0.025 mM) was incorporated into the diet medium and fed to the adult male flies for anticancer treatment (melatonin‐treated lgl mutant flies). The selection of melatonin concentration was determined based on the optimal concentrations and safety assessment reported in several previous studies (Bonilla et al, 2002; Coto‐Montes & Hardeland, 1999; Jones et al, 2015; Medina‐Leendertz et al, 2014; Vasuki et al, 2016; Wong et al, 2021). Mutant flies were fed with melatonin‐treated diet medium (melatonin‐treated lgl mutant flies) for 10 days and consecutively collected on the 11th day.…”