Effect of daily consumption of extra virgin olive oil on the lipid profile and microbiota of HIV-infected patients over 50 years of age

Abstract

Background:Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has shown beneficial effects on the lipid profile and inflammatory parameters in general population. Our goal is to analyze these changes together with those of intestinal microbiota in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients over 50 years of age.Methods:Experimental single arm open study. HIV patients over the age of 50 with undetectable viral load were selected. EVOO was distributed among the patients so that each one consumed 50 g daily for 12 weeks. Lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), and intestinal microbiota composition were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the intervention.Results:Total cholesterol decreased significantly (5 mg/dL), and a nonsignificant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (12 mg/dL), triglycerides (21 mg/dL), and CRP (1.25 mg/dL) was observed. There was a significant increase in alpha diversity after the intervention in men and a decrease in proinflammatory genera such as Dethiosulfovibrionaceae was observed. Differences were also observed in the microbiota of men and women and according to the type of antiretroviral treatment.Conclusion:Sustained consumption of 50 g of EVOO in elderly HIV-infected patients might be associated with an improvement in lipid profile and alfa diversity of intestinal microbiota.

Relationship of Diet to Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Biomarkers in People with HIV

“…As chronic inflammation has become a stubbornly elusive target in HIV, pursuing the effect of dietary interventions deserve further investigations. Our findings linking the MEL pattern with microbiome shifts and lower inflammation provide further support to recent intervention studies showing that adherence to the Mediterranean diet or particular components such as extra virgin olive oil is a feasible intervention to mitigate chronic inflammation in PWH [44][45][46].…”

Olive Polyphenols: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

“…Finally, an MD supplemented with polyphenol-rich EVOO has probiotic effects promoting the growth of bacteria of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium types. These data result from different studies where overweight/obese participants and patients with HIV or with hypercholesterolemia consumed 40-50 g/day of EVOO for 12 weeks [172][173][174].…”

Gut-derived bacterial toxins impair memory CD4+ T cell mitochondrial function in HIV-1 infection

“…levels of inflammatory markers in PLWH, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (apparently antibiotic treatment is a precondition for implanting fecal transplants) (72,73), or probiotic intervention that succeeded (74) or failed (75) in lowering the inflammation marker levels. Recently, diet approaches were employed as interventions to lower inflammatory markers and reduce T cell activation in INR patients (76)(77)(78). For instance, the Mediterranean diet, with low-protein input, has been shown to improve metabolic parameters, immune activation, Treg function, and increase the α-diversity of the gut microbiota in INRs (78).…”