Effect of De-noising by Wavelet Filtering and Data Augmentation by Borderline SMOTE on the Classification of Imbalanced Datasets of Pig Behavior

Abstract

Classification of imbalanced datasets of animal behavior has been one of the top challenges in the field of animal science. An imbalanced dataset will lead many classification algorithms to being less effective and result in a higher misclassification rate for the minority classes. The aim of this study was to assess a method for addressing the problem of imbalanced datasets of pigs' behavior by using an over-sampling method, namely Borderline-SMOTE. The pigs' activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer, which was mounted on the back of the pigs. Wavelet filtering and Borderline-SMOTE were both applied as methods to pre-process the dataset. A multilayer feed-forward neural network was trained and validated with 21 input features to classify four pig activities: lying, standing, walking, and exploring. The results showed that wavelet filtering and Borderline-SMOTE both lead to improved performance. Furthermore, Borderline-SMOTE yielded greater improvements in classification performance than an alternative method for balancing the training data, namely random under-sampling, which is commonly used in animal science research. However, the overall performance was not adequate to satisfy the research needs in this field and to address the common but urgent problem of imbalanced behavior dataset.

An oversampling method for multi-class imbalanced data based on composite weights

“…4.1.2 Evaluation and analysis of single indicators. After the proposed algorithm was trained on the training datasets, the performance of the proposed algorithm expressed in STCPS is verified by testing the dataset against the mainstream sampling algorithms including SMOTE, SVMOM, SMO+TLK and SVM+ENN [35][36][37][38]. In accordance with the statistical principles, when all data meet the test of reliability greater than 0.7 and validity greater than 0.6, the evaluation indicators' values of the above algorithms are presented in Table 4.…”

A Deep-Learning-Based System for Pig Posture Classification: Enhancing Sustainable Smart Pigsty Management

“…In this study, we addressed the imbalance in the dataset using weighted random sampling. Additionally, it is also possible to mitigate the imbalance in the pig dataset using Borderline-SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) [23]. Given the high classification performance achieved using weighted random sampling in this study, we chose to utilize Additionally, we also reviewed other studies on pig posture classification.…”