Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and wear performance of Cr–Mn–Cu white cast iron grinding media

Vidyarthi, M.K.; Ghose, A. K.; Chakrabarty, I.

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2013.10.005

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It was found that CT not only resulted in reduction of residual stresses, but also improved the mechanical properties. Vidyarthi et al [18] experimentally studied the effects of CT on the microstructure and wear performance of Cr-Mn-Cu white cast iron grinding media copper alloys. Their results showed that the hardness and wear properties were improved significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cryogenic Treatment after Annealing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Sheet on Its Formability at Room Temperature

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2018

Metals

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In this article, the effects of cryogenic treatment after annealing on the formability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet were experimentally studied. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was treated by cryogenic treatment after annealing (ACT). Tensile tests were carried out using a universal machine at room temperature. The microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-4V subjected to ACT was also investigated using an optical microscope (OM). Both the shearing performance and drawing formability were analyzed by punch shearing tests and deep drawing tests, respectively. Results showed that after ACT, the tendency of the β phase can be apparently changing into stable β' and α' phases. The elastic modulus is lower than that of the untreated material. It was found that both the yield strength and tensile strength are declined slightly, whereas the ductility is increased significantly. The shear strength in punch shearing is decreased at room temperature and cryogenic temperature. The ratio of smooth zone on the section after ACT3 is much larger than the others. The rollover diameters are not obviously greater than those of the untreated. Additionally, the height of the burr shows a decreasing trend after ACT. During deep drawing, drawing depth is deeper than that of the untreated material, the drawing load after ACT is reduced, and the decreasing tendency of the drawing load slows down. It is noted that the micro-cracks occur at the bottom of the sample.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cryogenic Treatment after Annealing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Sheet on Its Formability at Room Temperature

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…La reducción de la cantidad de austenita retenida, con la consecuente formación de martensita mediante la aplicación de tratamientos sub-cero se produce a medida que se alcanza la temperatura de fin de la transformación martensítica (Mf) [22,23]. En base a esta temperatura se definirá la temperatura de tratamiento sub-cero apropiada para obtener la menor cantidad de austenita retenida post tratamiento [16,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efecto del tratamiento sub-cero sobre la microestructura y dureza de fundiciones blancas alto cromo

Hernández

Leiva

Escobar³

et al. 2018

Matéria (Rio J.)

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RESUMENEn el siguiente trabajo de investigación se analizó el efecto de la temperatura de tratamiento sub-cero sobre la transformación de austenita retenida a martensita en dos fundiciones blancas de alto cromo ASTM A532 Clase II Tipo B. El tratamiento sub-cero aplicado a cada aleación, en estado de colada, fue realizado a temperaturas de -40, -65 y -180 °C con un tiempo de mantenimiento de 10 minutos; transcurridos los 10 minutos cada probeta fue expuesta a temperatura ambiente. Se realizó análisis metalográfico mediante microscopia óptica, microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y análisis espectroscopia de energía dispersiva (EDS) a ambas aleaciones en estado de colada, con el objetivo de caracterizar los micro-constituyentes presentes en cada aleación. La caracterización metalográfica de las probetas sometidas a tratamiento sub-cero fue realizada mediante microscopia óptica. Además, se midió la dureza Brinell de ambas aleaciones, en estado de colada y sometidas a tratamiento sub-cero.Las aleaciones en estudio presentan diferencias importantes en su composición química, principalmente en el contenido de molibdeno y cobre, elementos determinantes en la microestructura de éstas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un aumento en la dureza de ambas aleaciones conforme disminuye la temperaturas de tratamiento; esto, producto de un aumento en la cantidad de austenita retenida transformada a martensita a medida que se alcanza la temperatura de fin de la transformación martensítica, Mf. Se observó que un mayor contenido de molibdeno permite la obtención de una matriz austenítica metaestable de colada. Además, el efecto de este elemento en conjunto con los demás elementos de aleación fue estabilizar la austenita, obteniendo bajas cantidades de martensita al final del tratamiento sub-cero, incluso a -180 °C.Palabras clave: fundición blanca alto cromo, tratamiento sub-cero, austenita retenida, martensita. ABSTRACTThe effect of the sub-zero treatment temperature on the transformation of retained austenite to martensite in two high chromium white cast irons (ASTM A532 Class II Type B) was studied. The sub-zero treatment applied to each alloy in the as cast condition was performed at -40, -65 and -180 ° C for 10 minutes; after the holding time was completed the samples were cooled to room temperature. The microstructure of the as cast condition was analyzed by optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was also performed with the aim to identify the microconstituents initially present in each alloy. The metallographic characterization of the specimens subjected to sub-zero treatment was performed by optical microscopy. Furthermore, Brinell hardness was measured in the as cast and sub-zero treated samples.The alloys studied have important differences in chemical composition, mainly in the molybdenum and cop-

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“…In a separate study carried out by one of the authors, 28) almost the same alloy iron was destabilized and deep cryotreated from a higher temperature of 750°C. While the transformation of retained austenite after sub-critical tempering treatment is compared with that in the alloys after high temperature destabilization treatment at 750°C, it is observed that the retained austenite contents are much lower after high temperature treatments.…”

Section: Phase Transformation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that, the deep cryogenic treatment reduces the internal stress and stabilizes the dislocation structure resulting in the decreasing free energy of atoms and better corrosion resistance. [28][29][30] …”

Section: Corrosion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Sub-critical Tempering and Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Slurry Erosion of Cr–Mn–Cu White Cast Irons

2014

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The effect of deep cryogenic treatment and air cooling subsequent to sub-critical tempering treatment on the structural evolution and the resulting wear performance of Cr-Mn-Cu white cast iron in sand-water slurry media were studied. The as-cast matrix of Cr-Mn-Cu white cast iron is predominantly austenitic which can be transformed to a martensitic matrix embedded with fine M7C3 carbides, by a sub-critical tempering treatment followed by air cooling. But the retained austenite is not totally converted. Quenching of alloy in liquid nitrogen bath after subcritical tempering enables more amount of transformation of austenite with simultaneous homogeneous precipitation of fine carbides. The phase transformation and corrosionerosion behavior were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, bulk and micro-hardness measurement and x-ray diffraction analysis, measurement of corrosion rate and slurry erosion test. The slurry erosive wear performance has been found to be much better in the cryotreated alloys compared to those with conventional sub-critically tempered alloys.

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Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and wear performance of Cr–Mn–Cu white cast iron grinding media

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Cryogenic Treatment after Annealing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Sheet on Its Formability at Room Temperature

Effects of Cryogenic Treatment after Annealing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Sheet on Its Formability at Room Temperature

Efecto del tratamiento sub-cero sobre la microestructura y dureza de fundiciones blancas alto cromo

Effect of Sub-critical Tempering and Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Slurry Erosion of Cr–Mn–Cu White Cast Irons

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