“…A study by the Union of European Football Associations showed that the proportion of hamstring injuries in European men's professional football increased from 12% to 24% of all injuries between 2001 and 2022 [ 13 ]. Studies have shown that the cause of hamstring injuries is usually weak strength or poor flexibility [ 12 , 14 ]. Therefore, adequate warm-up exercises are possibly important to prevent or reduce hamstring injury.…”
“…A study by the Union of European Football Associations showed that the proportion of hamstring injuries in European men's professional football increased from 12% to 24% of all injuries between 2001 and 2022 [ 13 ]. Studies have shown that the cause of hamstring injuries is usually weak strength or poor flexibility [ 12 , 14 ]. Therefore, adequate warm-up exercises are possibly important to prevent or reduce hamstring injury.…”
“… 7 It is administered to maintain the ROM present inside the ligament, tendon, and muscle’s soft tissue structures and prevent the formation of scars. 8 DTFM uses strong movements of the hand to physically manipulate the affected tissues. The massage is deep and should be delivered in transverse direction to the particular tissue affected, as opposed to superficial massage applied longitudinally parallel to the vessels, which promotes circulation and fluid return.…”
Objectives: To review published clinical trials which assessed the effects of deep transverse friction massage on pain and range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Literature search was performed in MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, HMIC, CINAHL, PEDRO, and SPORTDiscus. Two independent reviewers performed screening of the articles retrieved from different databases. Clinical trials published in English language from the earliest record to March 2022 that reported effects of deep transverse friction massage/Cyriax’s friction massage on pain and/or range of motion in patients with diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis were included. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used for quality assessment of the included studies.
Results: A total of six studies reporting on 226 adhesive capsulitis patients were included in the systematic review. All the six studies were randomized controlled clinical trials. On the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool, four of the six studies had a score of 8/11, while the other two studies received a score of 7/11 and 6/11. Out of these six trials, four reported that pain was significantly (P<0.05) improved in the deep transverse friction massage group as compared to the control group. Regarding range of motion outcome, five studies showed that range of motion was significantly (P<0.05) improved in the deep transverse friction massage group while only one study showed non-significant results.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that deep transverse friction massage significantly relieves pain and improves the range of motion in individuals with adhesive capsulitis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7218
How to cite this: Khan S, Arsh A, Khan S, Ali S. Deep transverse friction massage in the management of adhesive capsulitis: A systematic review. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):526-533. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7218
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
“…Improvement of COD performance depends almost exclusively on specific training [ 6 ], with stretching traditionally considered one such intervention [ 16 ]. Several authors have suggested that static stretching exercises exert an acute positive effect on muscle strength and power, with a beneficial outcome on COD performance [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”
Background: The ability to rapidly change direction while sprinting is a desirable athletic skill in soccer. Enhancing change of direction (COD) performance depends almost exclusively on specific training, with stretching traditionally considered one such intervention. However, the comparative impact of diverse stretching methods on COD in soccer players remains an area of interest. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of different stretching methods on COD ability in soccer players. Methods: Twelve male soccer players playing in the national championship football division II (age: 16.3 ± 0.3 years, height: 1.81 ± 0.10 m, body mass: 67.7 ± 7.2 kg) were tested for COD performance (i.e., Illinois agility test) after (1) control condition (20 min general warm-up without stretching), (2) static stretching, (3) dynamic stretching, (4) combined static-dynamic stretching, and (5) combined dynamic-static stretching. The duration of stretching intervention was approximately 6 min for static and dynamic stretching and 12 min for both the combined stretching conditions. The experimental sessions were separated by 72 h. Results: COD improved after dynamic stretching when compared to any other condition (p: 0.03–0.002; ηp2: 0.56–0.73), except for the control condition (p = 0.146; ηp2 = 0.18). In contrast, static stretching induced a detrimental effect on COD when compared only to the dynamic stretching condition (p < 0.01; ES = 1.35). Conclusion: Dynamic stretching exercises used by male soccer players in the warm-up improved COD. Other forms of stretching exercises, particularly static stretching, negatively impacted the COD performance. Therefore, coaches can consider integrating dynamic stretching protocols tailored to the athletes’ specific needs. Moreover, extending the investigation to encompass a wider range of athletes, including different age groups and genders, would enhance the applicability and generalization of the findings.
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