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Purpose The purpose of the study is to compare the effects of total cold-water immersion to ice massage on muscle damage, performance, and delayed onset of muscle soreness. Methods Sixty participants were randomized into two groups where they completed a muscle damage protocol. Afterward, muscle damage, muscle performance, and delayed onset muscle soreness were respectively measured by serum Creatine Kinase (CK) test, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) test, countermovement jump (CMJ) test, and visual analog scale (VAS). The measurements were taken at five different timelines (Baseline, 2 H, 24 H, 48 H, and 72 H). Results Data showed that values of all within-group measures of the dependent variables had extremely significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) for both intervention groups. Serum CK values peaked at 24 H for both groups. At 72 H, serum CK values dropped to baseline values in the total cold-water immersion group, while remaining high in the ice massage group. At 72 H, the values of the 1-RM test, CMJ test, and VAS approximated baseline values only in the total cold-water immersion group (p < 0.001). Conclusions Total cold-water immersion (TCWI) was more effective when compared to ice massage (IM) on improving values of recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Hence, this modality may be considered during athletic recovery to maximize athletic performance. Clinical trial registration This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov under the trial registration number (NCT04183816).

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease and the most common cause of dementia among older adults. Moreover, as the disease progress, patients lose their capacity to make important decisions as related to their wishes. The primary objective was to characterize the Lebanese Geriatricians’ standpoint regarding the decision-making capacity (DMC) to consent to research and/or treatment participation among their patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD). The secondary objective was to propose an algorithm for a reliable, comprehensive, and valid assessment of the DMC. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed, where a list of active members of the Lebanese Society for Geriatric Medicine was obtained, and participants were contacted via a phone call, to explain the study purpose, and send them thereafter the survey link. Results Nine Geriatricians with a mean of 14.7 ± 9.6 years of experience completed the survey. Moreover, 66.67 % of the Geriatricians failed to recognize the need to confirm the patient's capacity to make decisions as related to her/his own wishes as related to the process of informed consent (IC). Despite that, 88.9 % of them stated that they tested for DMC among their patients with AD. Conclusion This study finding revealed that Lebanese Geriatricians had a poor understanding of both the concept of autonomy and the criteria needed for the IC process. Moreover, they were unable to select adequate tools to assess and judge the DMC.