Effect of dehydration techniques on bioactive compounds in hawthorn slices and their correlations with antioxidant properties

Abstract

Hawthorn fruits are rich in nutrients and antioxidant compounds. Dehydration is the major processing and preservation method for hawthorn fruits. The rates of moisture loss; polyphenol, flavonoid and triterpenoid acid contents; and antioxidant activities and their relationships were investigated in hawthorn slices that were dried by four dehydration techniques (microwave drying, solar drying, hot air drying and freeze drying) under different operation conditions. The results showed that both the drying method and the processing parameter affected the antioxidants. Microwave drying and hot air drying at high temperatures (C 80 °C) resulted in the degradation of the polyphenols, flavonoids and triterpenoid acids in the hawthorn slices. These antioxidant compounds were best preserved by freeze drying and hot air drying at 60 °C. Epicatechin and chlorogenic acid were the major phenolic compounds identified in this research, and these compounds were significantly affected during processing. The antioxidant activities of the hawthorn fruits were significantly related to the total polyphenol, flavonoid and triterpenoid acid contents. Hot air drying at proper temperatures could be suitable for hawthorn slice dehydration processing that conserves the antioxidant properties of the fruit.

Combined Hot Air, Microwave, and Infrared Drying of Hawthorn Fruit: Effects of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Drying Time, Energy, Qualitative, and Bioactive Compounds’ Properties

“…In this method, the cell structure is mostly damaged, which is due to the long exposure of the product to the heat. In other studies, such as on Pistacia atlantica [ 47 ], cabbage [ 27 ], and hawthorn fruit [ 3 ], the hot-air method had the lowest amount of phenolic content compared to other drying methods, which is similar to the results of this study.…”

“…Freeze-drying had the highest AC, which was due to the lack of thermal degradation of heat-sensitive compounds. Liu et al [ 3 ] conducted drying of hawthorn fruit in different drying methods (i.e., hot air, microwave, solar, and freeze) and showed that the highest amount of AC was obtained using freeze-drying. Turkmen et al [ 55 ], Izli et al [ 7 ], Kaveh et al [ 56 ], and Szychowski et al [ 5 ] investigated the AC when drying cherry laurel, kiwifruit, green pea, and quince using different drying methods, respectively, and found that the AC in the freeze-dried samples was higher than other drying methods, which was consistent with the results of this study.…”

“…This plant has high medicinal and nutritional value and has long been used to treat various human diseases including liver diseases, hypertension, heart diseases, and stress [ 1 ]. The chemical compounds of hawthorn include flavonoids, triterpene acids, proanthocyanins, and organic acids [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Polyphenolic Compounds of Crataegus Berry, Leaf, and Flower Extracts Affect Viability and Invasive Potential of Human Glioblastoma Cells

“…Today, Crataegus berries and flowers are officially recognized as herbal raw materials and have been included in European, American, and Canadian pharmacopeias. Recent research confirmed and extended the possibilities of the traditional use of this plant, among others, to anti-inflammatory [ 8 , 9 ], anti-oxidant [ 10 , 11 ], anti-aging [ 12 ], anti-depressant [ 13 ], anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial [ 14 ], hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective [ 15 ], gastroprotective [ 16 ], immunostimulatory, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, and anti-atherosclerotic effects [ 17 ]. Furthermore, Crataegus extracts are considered as putative therapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.): An Updated Overview on Its Beneficial Properties

“…As indicated above, many beneficial properties have been attributed to hawthorn, including anticancer [55], anti-HIV, anti-diabetic [56], and anticoagulant activity [57], cardioprotective effects [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65], hepatoprotective effects, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, wound healing effects [66], antimicrobial effects, gastroprotective effects, treatment of metabolic syndrome [67], regulation of cholesterol homeostasis [68], anti-atherosclerosis effects [69][70][71][72], anti-aging effects [73], ischemia protective effects [74], treatment of cognitive disorders, neuroprotective effects, regulating gastrointestinal motility [75], anti-inflammatory activities [76,77], regulation of the gut-brain axis [78], treatment of hypertension [79], antioxidant activity [80][81][82][83][84][85], anti-hypoxic activities [86], antidepressant effects [87], anti-Alzheimer's effects, and treatment of intestinal microbial disorder [88].…”