Effect of Dextrose Supplementation in the Pre-Ovulatory Sow Diet to Reduce Seasonal Influences on Litter Birth Weight Variation

Abstract

Simple Summary: Seasonal infertility manifests in either pregnancy failure, or reduced litter size, or both in sows bred during summer. What is less clear is whether season influences piglet traits important for post-natal survival and growth, such as birth weight variation. Sows fed a diet with dextrose before ovulation gave birth to litters with reduced birth weight variation. Thus, this experiment had two aims: first, to identify if sows bred during summer would give birth to litters with higher birth weight variation, and second, to test if feeding sows dextrose before mating would reduce birth weight variation, especially during summer months. This experiment identified that there is evidence for increased birth weight variation in sows bred during the summer months despite the observed reduced litter size, suggesting that this is another way seasonal infertility can manifest. The 5% inclusion of dextrose in the pre-ovulatory sow diet increased litter size without compromising litter homogeneity at birth and resulted in higher piglet growth rates in those born to sows mated in winter (lactated in summer). Dextrose can be used successfully in a 'wean to mate' diet to boost the reproductive performance of sows.Abstract: In this experiment, we proposed two hypotheses: birth weight variation would increase in litters from sows bred in summer, and dextrose supplementation during the wean to mate period would ameliorate this manifestation of seasonal infertility. Five hundred and ninety-one multiparous sows were allocated to Control; standard diet, or Dextrose; control +5% dextrose diets from weaning until insemination during summer and winter. Dextrose sows farrowed 1.0 and 1.4 more total pigs born and pigs born alive than Control sows, respectively (p < 0.05). There was a tendency for a higher co-efficient of variation (CV) birth weight in summer than winter (16.6 ± 0.4 versus 15.8 ± 0.4; p = 0.1), but no effect of treatment or interaction between treatment and season was observed. Piglet average daily gain was unaffected in those born to sows bred in summer, but when born to sows bred in winter, Dextrose piglets grew 23 g per day faster than Control (p < 0.05). This experiment identified evidence for increased birth weight CV in sows bred during the summer months despite the reduced litter size, suggesting that this is another way seasonal infertility can manifest.

Lactation in swine: review article

“…Teat activation is essential for the maintenance of milk production. Greater teat stimulation immediately after birth, driven by a larger litter size born, has been suggested as a mechanism for improved piglet growth and hence, sow milk production ( Plush et al, 2019 ). Regular stimulation of each gland during the first 24 h post-partum results in increased milk yield when compared to glands that have not been stimulated ( Theil et al, 2005 ).…”