Effect of diet, digesta processing, freezing and extraction procedure on some polysaccharide-degrading activities of ruminal contents

Hristov, A.N.; McAllister, Tim A.; Cheng, Kwai Wa

doi:10.4141/a98-056

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Amylase activity in the inoculum was higher (P < 0.05) with HG than with MG and was not affected (P > 0.05) by preservation. These effects of diet 35,36 and freezing 24 on polysaccharidase activities are consistent with previous reports. Deaminative activities in the ruminal inocula were similar (P > 0.05) between diets but were decreased (P < 0.05) by storage at À40°C for 45 days.…”

Section: Ruminal Fermentationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Proteolytic activity in ruminal fluid from cattle fed two levels of barley grain: a comparison of three methods of determination

Hristov

McAllister

et al. 2002

J Sci Food Agric

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Hristov, A. N., McAllister, T. A., Xu, Z., Newbold, C. J. (2002). Proteolytic activity in ruminal fluid from cattle fed two levels of barley grain: a comparison of three methods of determination. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 82 (15), 1886-1893.The effects of proportion of concentrate in the ruminant diet and the effects of freezing ruminal content prior to assay on proteolytic activity in ruminal inoculum were evaluated using three analytical techniques. A novel approach for determining proteolytic activity (PA) of ruminal fluid utilising N-15-labelled casein was compared with two published procedures. In a crossover experiment, four heifers were fed two isonitrogenous diets containing (dry matter basis) 50% barley silage, 45% rolled barley grain and 4% soybean meal (medium-grain diet, MG) or 8% barley silage, 89% rolled barley grain and 2% soybean meal (high-grain diet, HG). Ruminal fluid was analysed either fresh or after having been frozen at -40degreesC for 45 days. Substrates utilised in measuring PA included N-15-labelled casein (produced by infusing ((NH)-N-15)(2)SO4 into the rumen of a lactating dairy cow), C-14-labelled casein and azocasein. Incubations were conducted in 0.2m phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) for 20 min at 39degreesC. In the N-15-casein incubations, PA was estimated as (i) N soluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCASN), (ii) N soluble in 5% TCA corrected for microbial N uptake (TCAMICR) and (iii) N depleted from the soluble protein N pool (SPR). In the C-14-casein incubations, PA was measured as TCA-soluble radioactivity; in the azocasein method it was measured as dye released during incubation. Across treatments the highest (P <0.001) proteolytic activity was measured by the SPR method, followed by TCAMICR, TCASN and C-14-casein. The lowest activity was recorded using the azocasein method. Within the N-15- and C-14-casein methods, PA in previously frozen ruminal fluid was higher (P <0.05) with the HG diet than with the MG diet, and higher (P <0.05) in previously frozen fluid than in inoculum processed fresh. This study demonstrates that increasing the proportion of grain in the diets of cattle and freezing the ruminal inoculum both increase proteolytic activity measured in ruminal fluid. The proposed N-15-casein method yielded higher proteolytic activity values than the C-14-casein method. Copyright (C) 2002 Society of Chemical Industry. Contributions of AN Hristov, TA McAllister and Z Xu. (C) Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Canada 2002.Peer reviewe

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Section: Ruminal Fermentationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Proteolytic activity in ruminal fluid from cattle fed two levels of barley grain: a comparison of three methods of determination

Hristov

McAllister

et al. 2002

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Competition between fibrolytic and amylolytic bacteria for nitrogen and other necessary nutrients (Firkins et al., 1991) and the shifts in substrate utilization by the non‐obligate fibrolytic bacteria may also be involved in the depression of the fibrolytic potential of C treatments even by using exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. Other authors have similar conclusions from experiments with cattle; Hristov et al. (1999) obtained a lower ruminal carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activities, but higher ruminal amylase activity in cattle fed high grain (91%, DM basis) than animals fed high fibre (83%, DM basis) diets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Different in vitro (Colombatto et al., 2003a,b; Eun and Beauchemin, 2007; Giraldo et al., 2007; Wallace et al., 2001) and in vivo responses (Beauchemin et al., 1995, 2004; Feng et al., 1996; Lewis et al., 1999; Yang et al., 1999) have been reported for several enzyme addition levels or F:C ratios (Nozière et al., 1996; Hristov et al., 1999; Fondevila et al., 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitrofermentative characteristics of ruminant diets supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes and ranges of optimal endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity

García

Albanell

Caja

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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Effectiveness of fibrolytic enzymes supplementing a range of forage to concentrate (F:C) diets was assessed with goat (G) or cow (C) inoculum using the gas production (GP) technique. Four F:C diets were evaluated: forage (1:0), high forage (0.7:0.3), medium forage (0.5:0.5) and low forage (0.3:0.7) diets, supplemented or not with Promote(TM) (PRO) at 1 or 2 ml/kg dry matter (DM). The GP kinetic was different between F:C (1:0 < 0.7:0.3 < 0.5:0.5 < 0.3:0.7) and inoculum. Responses to enzyme were positively related to forage level and differed with inoculum. The neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre degradation were depressed by the concentrate in the substrates fermented with C and were not altered or even enhanced in G sets. Results confirm that increasing starch proportion modified the pattern of microbial fermentation, while no influences were detected in the improvement of cell wall degradation with fibrolytic enzymes. Another in vitro experiment was conducted to investigate factors by which endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity (EA) of PRO is compromised in a factorial design (3 x 4 x 3) for three pH (4.0, 5.5 and 6.5), four temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 70 degrees C) and three doses (1, 2 and 3 ml/kg DM of substrate). Maximum EA were obtained for pH 4.0, 50 degrees C and 3 ml/kg DM. Optimal conditions for PRO proved to be outside the normal ranges in ruminal environment.

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“…based diet and it is likely that the lower fiber (and overall DM and OM) digestibility with the corn-based diet was partially a result of negative associative effects of starch from concentrates on ruminal fibrolytic activities (Huhtanen and Jaakkola 1992;Hristov et al 1999) and subsequent fiber digestion (Robinson et al 1987;Bines et al 1988). Greater digestibility of barley grain compared to corn (HerreraSaldana et al 1990;McAllister et al 1990), although representing a relatively small proportion of the diet, may also have contributed to the increased overall digestibility of the barley-based diet in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of purines and nitrogen-15 as microbial flow markers in beef heifers fed barley- or corn-based diets

Hristov¹,

McAllister²,

Ouellet³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2005. Comparison of purines and nitrogen-15 as microbial flow markers in beef heifers fed barley-or corn-based diets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 211-222. The objective of this study was to estimate the contribution of microbial purine bases to duodenal purines and to purine derivatives [allantoin and uric acid (PD)] excreted in the urine. Additionally, microbial protein (MCP) flow estimated using duodenal flow of purine bases was compared to estimates using 15 N as a microbial marker. Four beef heifers were fed two diets, barley silage/barley grain/soybean meal (diet B) or corn silage/corn grain/corn gluten meal (diet C), in a cross-over design study. ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 was infused in the rumen for 8 d to label ruminal microorganisms and their purine bases. Rumen contents, duodenal digesta, urine, and feces were sampled during the last 2 d of tracer infusion and for 48 h after the infusion ceased. The animals consumed more (P < 0.01) dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), N, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with diet B than with diet C. Total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF were also higher (P < 0.01) with diet B. Ruminal ammonia (P < 0.01), volatile fatty acids (P < 0.05), and acetate (P < 0.01) concentrations and xylanase activity (P < 0.05) were higher with diet B compared with diet C. Flow of MCP to the duodenum was estimated from duodenal samples using purines or 15 N as microbial markers, or from urinary PD excretion. The effects of diet or method of measurement on MCP flow were not significant. However, when the urinary PD method was excluded from the analysis, MCP flow was greater (by 26%; P = 0.01) when estimated using 15 N vs. the purine-based method. The difference was mainly due to underestimation of the proportion of microbial N in the liquid duodenal digesta with the purine method. Feed purines contributed from 3.5 (liquid digesta phase) to 19.7% (solid digesta phase) of the total purine flow at the duodenum. 15 Nenrichment of urinary PD was 1.08 of the enrichment of duodenal purines, suggesting that feed purines contributed little N to urinary allantoin and uric acid in cattle. a été infusé dans le rumen pendant huit jours afin de marquer les microorganismes du rumen et leurs bases puriques. Les auteurs ont prélevé des échantillons du contenu du rumen, des digests du duodénum, de l'urine et des fèces au cours des deux derniers jours de l'infusion et 48 heures après celle-ci. Les animaux ont consommé plus (P < 0,01) de matière sèche (MS), de matière organique (MO), d'azote (N) et de fibres au détergent neutre (FDN) avec la ration B qu'avec la ration C. La digestibilité de la MS, de la MO, du N et des FDN dans l'ensemble du système digestif était aussi plus élevée (P < 0,01) avec la ration B. La concentration d'ammoniaque (P < 0,01), d'acides gras volatils (P < 0,05) et d'acétate (P < 0,01) dans le rumen ainsi que l'activité de la xylanase (P < 0,05) dans le fluide du rumen étaient plus élevées avec la ration B qu'avec la ration C. On a estimé le MCP dans le duodénum à partir d'échantillons d...

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Effect of diet, digesta processing, freezing and extraction procedure on some polysaccharide-degrading activities of ruminal contents

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

Proteolytic activity in ruminal fluid from cattle fed two levels of barley grain: a comparison of three methods of determination

Proteolytic activity in ruminal fluid from cattle fed two levels of barley grain: a comparison of three methods of determination

In vitrofermentative characteristics of ruminant diets supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes and ranges of optimal endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity

Comparison of purines and nitrogen-15 as microbial flow markers in beef heifers fed barley- or corn-based diets

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