Effect of Dietary Chitosan on Faecal Microbiota and Faecal Metabolites of Humans

Terada, Atsushi; Hara, Hiroyoshi; Sato, Daisy Nakamura; Higashi, Toshihiko; Nakayama, Sachie; Tsuji, Kiichiro; Sakamoto, Kyoko; Ishioka, E.; Maezaki, Yuji; Tsugita, Takashi; Takekawa, Tetsuya; Mitsuoka, Tomotari

doi:10.3109/08910609509141377

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The results on humans show a favourable effect with a very low dose within a short period, and are thus worthy of special attention [79]. The chitosan intake (biscuits) by healthy volunteers was found to produce a significant decrease of the faecal phenols, p-cresol and indole, in analogy with other polysaccharides [80]. Chitosan inhibited the putrefactive activity of the intestinal microbiota, thus reducing the risk of disease states.…”

Section: Anticholesterolemic Dietary Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human enzymatic activities related to the therapeutic administration of chitin derivatives

Müzzarelli¹

1997

CMLS, Cell. mol. life. sci.

486

242

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Three cases are presented where modified chitins have been extensively administered to volunteers, as dressings for wounded soft and bone tissues, as anticholesterolemic dietary foods, and in the controlled delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. The interactions of the modified chitins with human enzymes is critically examined. In the context of drug carrier resorption and wound healing, chitooligomers and monomers, generated by lysozyme, N-acetylglucosaminidase and human chitinase, activate macrophages and stimulate fibroblasts, respectively; the effects are production of smooth, vascularized and physiologically normal tissues. In the dietary food area, lipase, amylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, glucokinase and the enzymes of prostaglandin synthesis are involved in the oral administration of chitosan: lipid adsorption is depressed mainly because of the physical form of the chitosan-lipid aggregates, which are unsuitable as substrates. When chitosan is used as a drug carrier, chitosan-drug complexes are present. The uniqueness of chitosan among polysaccharides is underlined in terms of susceptibility to enzymatic depolymerization, cationicity, supply of cell-activating oligomers, and supply of N-acetylglucosamine for rebuilding of other biopolymers. Advances in molecular recognition and biocompatibility are also presented.

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Section: Anticholesterolemic Dietary Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human enzymatic activities related to the therapeutic administration of chitin derivatives

Müzzarelli¹

1997

CMLS, Cell. mol. life. sci.

486

242

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“…Oligosaccharides (11,24), alginate (20), chitosan (12) and yogurt (18) have been described as effective pH-demoting factors. The level of lowering of faecal pH values during EC-12 consumption is 0.3, which is slightly weaker than by the consumption of oligosaccharides (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Faecal concentrations of ammonia and sulfide were determined by potentiometer ILO-30 (DKK Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with an ammonia gas-sensing electrode (DKK Co. Ltd.) and with a sulfide electrode 7100 (DKK Co. Ltd) using the methods of Terada et al (12). The method used for analysing indole and phenols was essentially the same as that described by Terada et al (20).…”

Section: Analysis Of Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the consumption of heat-killedEnterococcus faecalisEC-12 preparation on microbiota and metabolic activity of the faeces in healthy adults

Terada

Bukawa²,

Kan³

et al. 2004

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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The effects of the consumption (200 mg/day) of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 preparation (EC-12) for 14 days on microbiota and metabolic activity of the faeces were studied in eight healthy volunteers (22 Á/26 years of age). During EC-12 consumption, the counts of bifidobacteria (p B/0.05 on day 7 and p B/0.01 on day 14) were significantly increased, except for the numbers of bifidobacteria in one volunteer, whereas the counts and the frequency of occurrence of lecithinase-positive clostridia (p B/0.05), including Clostridium perfringens, were significantly decreased, when compared with the values before EC-12 consumption and during placebo consumption. The decreased tendency in the counts of Enterobacteriaceae and the increased tendency in the levels of lactobacilli was observed during EC-12 consumption, compared with the values before EC-12 consumption and during placebo consumption. No detectable changes occurred in the counts of other organisms throughout the experimental periods. The total faecal volatile fatty acid and acetic acid (p B/0.05 on day 7 and p B/0.01 on day 14) during EC-12 consumption, and succinic acid (p B/0.05), lactic acid (p B/0.05) and propionic acid (p B/0.05) on day 14 of EC-12 consumption were significantly increased when compared with the values before EC-12 consumption and during placebo consumption. Faecal concentrations of ammonia, phenol and p-cresol (p B/0.05) were significantly decreased on day 14 of EC-12 consumption. Faecal levels of sulfide and indole (p B/0.05) were significantly decreased during EC-12 consumption. Faecal values of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP; p B/0.05 on day 7 and p B/0.01 on day 14) were significantly decreased during EC-12 consumption. Faecal pH values tended to decrease on day 14 of EC-12 consumption. Stool weight and water content were slightly increased during EC-12 consumption. The odour of the faeces was slightly reduced during EC-12 consumption.

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“…The presence of any fermentable dietary fiber is likely to lead to an increase in microfloral bifidobacterial and Lactobacillus levels, as these bacteria ferment carbohydrates. Previous studies in humans have suggested dietary fibers like alginate [85], chitosan [86], and inulin [87] lead to a reduction in potentially harmful microfloral metabolites. A range of small human interventions with various fermentable dietary fibers have shown significant, but small, clinical benefit in a number of intestinal diseases and disorders either on their own or in combination with probiotics [88][89][90].…”

Section: Fiber and Gut Microfloramentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fiber and Availability of Nutrients: A Case Study on Yoghurt as a Food Model

Staffolo¹,

Bevilacqua²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2012

The Complex World of Polysaccharides

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Effect of Dietary Chitosan on Faecal Microbiota and Faecal Metabolites of Humans

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Human enzymatic activities related to the therapeutic administration of chitin derivatives

Human enzymatic activities related to the therapeutic administration of chitin derivatives

Effects of the consumption of heat-killedEnterococcus faecalisEC-12 preparation on microbiota and metabolic activity of the faeces in healthy adults

Dietary Fiber and Availability of Nutrients: A Case Study on Yoghurt as a Food Model

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