Effect of dietary protein levels on growth and nutrient utilization of fringe-lipped carp,Labeo fimbriatus(Bloch) fingerlings

Abstract

Effect of various dietary protein levels on growth and nutrient utilization were studied in fringe‐lipped carp, Labeo fimbriatus fingerlings for 60 days. Five practical diets containing graded protein levels of 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 g kg−1 with respective digestible protein (DP) contents of 192.4, 244.5, 291.6, 339.4 and 391.4 g kg−1 were evaluated as five treatments, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, in triplicate. Each experimental tank (80‐L) contained eight fingerlings (4.9 ± 0.1 g) and was subjected to continuous aeration and 25% water replenishment daily. The fish were fed two times daily at 8:00 and 14:00 h to satiation. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) absolute growth and thermal growth coefficient, and lower feed conversion ratios (FCR) were observed in T2–T4 than T1 and T5. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive values (PPV) were highest in T2 and lowest in T5. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) apparent protein digestibility was perceptible in T2–T4. While specific amylase activity declined linearly with increasing DP : DE, the protease, trypsin, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase established polynomial relationship. Based on live weight gain, PER and PPV fitted to quadratic model optimum DP levels were estimated as 301.4, 260.0 and 273.0 g kg−1, respectively.

Effects of using Blood Meal on the Growth and Mortality of Catfish

“…Protein is one of the major dietary nutrients affecting growth, survival and yield of fish, by providing essential and non essential amino acids to synthesize body protein and energy for maintenance Jena et al [6]. The development of fish feed is essentially based on the information of nutrients digestibility and its conversation rate.…”

Protein sparing capability of carbohydrate in fringed-lipped carp Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795)

“…Although, demand for this promising species for aquaculture is growing day by day (Power et al, 2009), study on its optimum nutritional requirement is limited. Jena et al (2012) have reported the optimum dietary protein (DP) requirement of L. fimbriatus as 273.0 g kg -1 . As L. fimbriatus is a herbivorous fish, carbohydrate utilisation seems to be very important.…”

“…The diets were designated as T 1 (27% CP and 26% CHO), T 2 (23% CP and 31.5% CHO) and T 3 (19% CP and 37% CHO), where CP and CHO indicates crude protein and carbohydrate, respectively. The diet T I was considered as the reference diet, where , the CP level was kept at 27%, being the optimum requirement for this species (Jena et al, 2012) and carbohydrate level was maintained at 26%, being the optimum carbohydrate requirement for carps (Sen et al, 1978;Erafanullah and Jafri, 1995), since no literature is available at present on the carbohydrate requirement for this species. Casein (vitamin free) with 85% CP and gelatin with 90% CP served as the source of protein.…”

The evaluation of energy in fish feed

“…The value is also low compared the optimal DP/DE ratio reported for other fish species e.g. : Atlantic salmon 17-18 g MJ -1 (Einen and Roem, 1997); gilthead sea bream 19-23 g MJ -1 (Lupatsch et al, 2003b(Lupatsch et al, , 2001; fringe lipped carp 17.2-17.6 g MJ -1 (Jena et al, 2012). The differences in optimal DP/DE ratios within species and between species might be related to differences in body weight between studies.…”

“…In addition, the range of dietary DP/DE ratio tested was narrow using 4 to 9 levels and few studies included low DP/ DE ratio (below 18 g/kJ). In some fish species studies, broken line analysis was performed to estimate optimal DP/DE ratio (Akpinar et al, 2012;Booth et al, 2007;Jena et al, 2012). In Nile tilapia, information on low DP/ DE ratios is limited, the estimated range and number of DP/DE ratios are small and no broken line analysis has been applied.…”