Effect of dietary protein on calpastatin in canine skeletal muscle1

Helman, Emily Esther; Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J.; Davenport, Gary M.; Lonergan, Steven M.

doi:10.2527/2003.8192199x

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Helman et al [65] reported that dogs fed diets containing animal protein (chicken) were better able to control calpastatin-related protein degradation than those fed diets containing corn gluten meal. Further research is necessary to determine whether decreased expression of MYBPC1 and TTN in geriatric dogs fed APB as compared to PPB in this experiment are mechanisms by which this occurs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Diet Affect Gene Expression Profile in Canine Skeletal Muscle

et al. 2009

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We evaluated gene transcription in canine skeletal muscle (biceps femoris) using microarray analysis to identify effects of age and diet on gene expression. Twelve female beagles were used (six 1-year olds and six 12-year olds) and they were fed one of two experimental diets for 12 months. One diet contained primarily plant-based protein sources (PPB), whereas the second diet contained primarily animal-based protein sources (APB). Affymetrix GeneChip Canine Genome Arrays were used to hybridize extracted RNA. Age had the greatest effect on gene transcription (262 differentially expressed genes), whereas the effect of diet was relatively small (22 differentially expressed genes). Effects of age (regardless of diet) were most notable on genes related to metabolism, cell cycle and cell development, and transcription function. All these genes were predominantly down-regulated in geriatric dogs. Age-affected genes that were differentially expressed on only one of two diets were primarily noted in the PPB diet group (144/165 genes). Again, genes related to cell cycle (22/35) and metabolism (15/19) had predominantly decreased transcription in geriatric dogs, but 6/8 genes related to muscle development had increased expression. Effects of diet on muscle gene expression were mostly noted in geriatric dogs, but no consistent patterns in transcription were observed. The insight these data provide into gene expression profiles of canine skeletal muscle as affected by age, could serve as a foundation for future research pertaining to age-related muscle diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Diet Affect Gene Expression Profile in Canine Skeletal Muscle

et al. 2009

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“…Following three 10-min washes, membranes were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence Western blotting reagents (Amersham Bioscience) and exposure to film (MR; Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY). The density of bands was quantified by using an Imager Scanner II and ImageQuant TL software [17,18].…”

Section: Immunoblottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maternal Nutrient Restriction in Sheep on the Development of Fetal Skeletal Muscle1

Zhu

Ford

Nathanielsz

et al. 2004

Biology of Reproduction

215

160

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The effect of maternal nutrient restriction on mTOR (mammalian target of rapamyosin) signaling and the ubiquitin system as well as their possible relation to growth of fetal muscle was determined. Ewes were fed to 50% (nutrient-restricted) or 100% (control-fed) of total digestible nutrients (National Research Council requirement) from Days 28 to 78 of gestation. Ewes were killed at Day 78 of gestation, and the fetal longissimus dorsi muscle was sampled for the measurement of mTOR, ribosomal protein S6, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), calpastatin, and protein ubiquitylation. No difference was observed in the content of mTOR and ribosomal protein S6, but the phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2448 and ribosomal protein S6 at Ser235/336 were reduced (P <0.05) in muscle from nutrient-restricted fetuses. Because phosphorylation of mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 up-regulates protein translation, these results show that nutrient restriction down-regulates protein synthesis in fetal muscle. No difference in AMPK activity was detected. The lack of difference in calpastatin and ubiquitylized protein content shows that nutrient restriction did not affect degradation of myofibrillar proteins in fetal muscle. Fetuses of nutrient-restricted ewes showed retarded development of muscles and skeleton. Muscle from nutrient-restricted fetuses contained fewer secondary myofibers than muscle from control fetuses, and the average area of fasciculi was smaller (P <0.05). The decreased number of secondary myofibers in nutrient-restricted fetuses may result from the decreased mTOR signaling. Lower activation of mTOR signaling in nutrient-restricted fetuses may reduce the proliferation of myoblasts and, thus, reduce the formation of secondary myofibers. This decrease in secondary myofibers in fetuses may predispose fetuses to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, in their postnatal lives.

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“…After three 10-min washes, membranes were visualized using ECL Western blotting reagents (Amersham Bioscience) and exposure to film (MR, Kodak, Rochester, NY). The density of bands was quantified by using an Imager Scanner II and ImageQuant TL software (Helman et al, 2003;Du et al, 2004).…”

Section: Calpastatin Content Assay By Immunoblottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calpains are regulated by Ca 2+ concentration and by binding to calpastatin. The expression level of calpastatin is regulated by genetics and nutrients (Geesink and Koohmaraie, 1999;Helman et al, 2003). Calpastatin activity was higher (P < 0.05) in the callipyge muscle than that in the normal muscle (Geesink and Koohmaraie, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of nutrient restriction on calpain and calpastatin content of skeletal muscle from cows and fetuses1

Zhu

Means

et al. 2004

Journal of Animal Science

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Calpains are crucial for the degradation of myofibrillar proteins in muscle. Calpastatin is a specific inhibitor of calpains. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of nutrient restriction on the activity of calpains and calpastatin in the skeletal muscle of both cows and fetuses. Beginning 30 d after conception, 20 cows were fed either a control diet consisting of native grass hay fortified with vitamins and minerals at recommendations for a mature cow to gain 0.72 kg/d or half the vitamins and minerals and millet straw at 68.1% of NEm requirements. Cows were slaughtered on d 125 of gestation, and the LM was sampled at the 12th rib for calpain and calpastatin measurement. When comparing the muscle samples from nutrient-restricted and control cows, no difference in the activity of calpain I and II was observed; however, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in calpastatin activity. Muscle samples from control cows had greater calpastatin content than those of nutrient-restricted cows (P < 0.05); in contrast, the calpastatin content of fetal muscle was greater in fetuses gestated by nutrient-restricted cows than those of control cows (P < 0.05). Further, there were three calpastatin isoforms of 125, 110, and 70 kD detected in fetal muscle, whereas only the110-kD isoform was detected for cow muscle. These results indicate that the activity of the calpain system in skeletal muscle is mainly controlled through the expression of calpastatin. Alternating the calpastatin content in muscle and thereby modulating calpain activity may provide a mechanism for the maintenance of fetal muscle growth during nutrient restriction, whereas skeletal muscle loss in cows is upregulated.

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Effect of dietary protein on calpastatin in canine skeletal muscle1

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Age and Diet Affect Gene Expression Profile in Canine Skeletal Muscle

Age and Diet Affect Gene Expression Profile in Canine Skeletal Muscle

Effect of Maternal Nutrient Restriction in Sheep on the Development of Fetal Skeletal Muscle1

Effect of nutrient restriction on calpain and calpastatin content of skeletal muscle from cows and fetuses1

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