Effect of Dietary Short-Chain Fructooligosaccharides on the Cecal Microflora in Gastrectomized Rats

Sakai, Kensuke; Aramaki, Kazuyoshi; Takasaki, Misao; Inaba, Hiromi; Tokunaga, Takahisa; Ohta, Atsutane

doi:10.1271/bbb.65.264

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our results were in accordance with those of previous studies showing that dietary inulin with lower DP predominantly increased the proportion of Lactobacillus in healthy rodents (6,29,30). Conversely, Vos and others showed that Synergy 1 stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus more strongly than oligosaccharide or inulin in animal models (31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparison of the Effects of Longer Chain Inulins with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Colonic Fermentation in a Mixed Culture of Swine Fecal Bacteria

Han

Kobayashi

Nakamura

et al. 2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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The complex human large bowel microbiome is critical for health and its growth and metabolic activity is highly dependent on substrate availability (1, 2). Quantitatively, the major carbon and energy sources are nondigestible dietary carbohydrates (fiber), undigested proteins and host mucopolysaccharides (3,4). The main fiber carbohydrates are non starch polysaccharides (NSP) and resistant starches (RS) which are fermented to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) leading to a lowering of pH, which is thought to protect against the absorption of cytotoxic and genotoxic bacterial products. Of the three major SCFAs, acetate, propionate and butyrate, the last is thought to be especially important for the maintenance of optimal colonic function and protection against serious large bowel disease in the long term.Recently, inulin-type fructans (b-(2,1)-linked fructosyl residues) have attracted industrial and scientific attention. These fiber components are produced mostly from chicory roots and are fermented extensively by the large bowel microbiome. Fructans are classified to their degree of polymerization (DP) as oligofructose (average DP of 4, ranging from 2 to 8) or longer chain inulins (average DP10, ranging from 2 to 60). The latter are subdivided into granulated inulin (GR; average DP of 10, ranging from 2 to 60), and high-performance inulin (HP; average DP of 24, ranging from 10 to 60) as well as Synergy 1, a specific 1 : 1 mixture of oligofructose and the HP-inulin. It has been established that both the rate and end products of gut microbial fermentation of fructans are affected profoundly by DP (5, 6). Short-chain saccharides are likely to be fermented more rapidly than longer ones (7,8). Previously we have shown in rats that an inulin-type fructan (inulin-Tokachi, average DP of 15, range 2-60) was fermented throughout the colon more slowly than inulin-GR (average DP of 10) but faster than inulin-HP (average DP of 24) (9). This difference translated to in differences in the number of colonic microbial species and hypolipidemic response (9). Summary The effects of inulin with three different degrees of polymerization (DP) on microbial dietary fiber fermentation were compared in an in vitro simulator of the porcine large bowel. The three inulin isolates had a DP of 15 (from chicory grown in Hokkaido, Japan), and 10 and 24 (from Orafti, Belgium), while cellulose was used as a control. The Lactobacillus level in the DP 10 group at 48 h and bifidobacteria levels in the DP 15 and DP 24 groups at 24 and 48 h were significantly higher than in the carbohydrate-free and cellulose groups. The SCFA concentrations in all the inulin groups were significantly higher than in the carbohydrate-free and cellulose groups at 24 and 48 h. Ammonia nitrogen concentrations in all the inulin groups were significantly lower than those in the carbohydrate-free and cellulose groups at 24 and 48 h. The three different inulin types were fermentable by gut microbiota as indicated by substantial increases in SCFA. In particular, inulin DP 15 exhi...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparison of the Effects of Longer Chain Inulins with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Colonic Fermentation in a Mixed Culture of Swine Fecal Bacteria

Han

Kobayashi

Nakamura

et al. 2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…25) Our observations suggested that both the FOSs had Lactobacillus promoting activity. Our preliminary experiments showed that 1 kestose and nystose were fermentable by Lb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Effects of 1-Kestose and Nystose on the Intestinal Microorganisms and Immune System in Mice

登¹,

和香子²,

秀子³

et al. 2006

J. Appl. Glycosci.

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Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are short and medium chains of fructose in which two to nine fructosyl units are bound by β 2,1 glycosidic linkages and a glucose molecule is present at the end of the chain joined by an α 1,2 glycosidic bond. Fructooligosaccharides occur in various plants such as onions, asparagus, artichokes and garlic. 1)Short chain FOSs (sc FOSs), such as 1 kestose, nystose and 1F β fructofuranosylnystose can also be enzymatically synthesized from sucrose. 2,3) Fructooligosaccharides are prebiotics that have been studied in detail and they are widely used as a food ingredient. 4 6) A commercially available FOS product comprises a mixture of sc FOSs.4) The primary physiological function of FOSs is the preferential stimulation of colonic Bifidobacteria. The effect has been confirmed in experimental animal models and in humans.7 10) Other physiological functions of FOSs include the improvement of calcium bioavailability, the modulation of lipid metabolism and the inhibition of potential pathogen metabolism. 5,11,12) These functions are mainly due to the indigestibility 13) and selective fermentability of FOSs in the gastrointestinal system. 14)Studies have recently focused more on the immunomodulating effect of oligosaccharides.15,16) Nakamura et al . 17) reported that FOSs enhance the IgA response in the intestine of infant mice and Hosono et al . 18) also showed that the amounts of fecal IgA and of IgA secretion by Peyer s Patch cells are increased in FOS treated mice. Furthermore, Nicole et al . 19) and Pierre et al . 20) demonstrated that dietary FOSs influence gut associated lymphoid tissue.Although beneficial colonic bacteria proliferation and short chain fatty acid production in the gut are thought to be involved in the action mechanism of FOSs on the immune system, details have not been fully established. Furthermore, whether the prebiotic and immunomodulating activities differ among FOSs in vivo and in vitro remains obscure.We investigated the effects of 1 kestose and nystose, which are major components of a dietary FOS product, on intestinal microorganisms and on the splenocyte response to mitogenic stimulation in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals.Female 6 week old BALB c mice obtained from Charles River Japan (Yokohama, Japan) were maintained at 22 24 C and around 50% relative humidity under a 12 h light dark cycle. A commercial diet (CE 2, Clea Japan, Tokyo, Japan) and water were available ad libitum. The mice were separated by body weight into three experimental groups consisting of five animals. The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Experiment Committee of Rakuno Gakuen University and the animals were managed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the same institution. Bacterial strains. Lactobacillus reuteri JCM 1081, Lactobacillus murinus JCM 1717 T and Lactobacillus intestinalis JCM 7548T purchased from the Japan Collection of Microorganisms were cultured at 37 C in MRS medium for DNA extraction.Preparation and administration o...

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“…They also suggest that the gastric mucosa may have a calcium tropic agent, the gastrocalcin, which stimulates the calcium absortion by the bone. Sakai et al 17 , also verified a reduced seric calcium in gastrectomized rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The urinary calcium is used to evaluate the renal 17 . The excretion of these mineral and is a good parameter to reach the balance between the absorption and the calcium lost from the bone 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial gastrectomy associated to anterior truncal vagotomy: alterations in metabolism of the calcium. Experimental study in rats

Santos

Tsuboi

Palu

et al. 2009

ABCD, arq. bras. cir. dig.

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BACKGROUND: The calcium is not absorbed in the lack of hydrochloric acid and the osteomalacia and osteoporosis may occurs; it is well recognized in patients that had gastric resection. AIM: To evaluate the effects of the partial gastrectomy associated to anterior truncal vagotomy in the absorption and metabolism of calcium. METHODS: Eighteen adults male Wistar rats were submitted to partial gastrectomy associated to anterior truncal vagotomy (GXT, eight animals) and the sham operation (10 animals, control group). The diet consumption and the weight gains of the animals were measured three times during the week. The animals received formulated experimental diet orally (AIN-93M) by eight weeks. The serum calcium, urinary and fecal calcium, apparent absorption of the calcium, activity of the enzyme alkaline fosfatase and calcium in the bone were measured after 60 days. RESULTS: The sham operated animals showed higher diet consumption, weight gains, serum and urinary calcium, excretion of calcium in feces, apparent absorption of calcium and activity of the enzyme alkaline fosfatase (P<0,05) as compared to the animals of the gastrectomized group. However, the concentration of the bone calcium was increased in the animals of the gastrectomized group. CONCLUSION: Partial gastrectomy associated to anterior truncal vagotomy showed to be a good experimental model the study calcium metabolism, decreasing the calcium absorption, serum and urinary calcium and activity of the enzyme alkaline fosfatase. However, for alterations at bone level in rats suggests an experimental study in larger period.

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Effect of Dietary Short-Chain Fructooligosaccharides on the Cecal Microflora in Gastrectomized Rats

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of the Effects of Longer Chain Inulins with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Colonic Fermentation in a Mixed Culture of Swine Fecal Bacteria

Comparison of the Effects of Longer Chain Inulins with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Colonic Fermentation in a Mixed Culture of Swine Fecal Bacteria

Effects of 1-Kestose and Nystose on the Intestinal Microorganisms and Immune System in Mice

Partial gastrectomy associated to anterior truncal vagotomy: alterations in metabolism of the calcium. Experimental study in rats

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