Effect of dietary soybean oil inclusion on liver-related transcription factors in a pig model for metabolic diseases

Abstract

Dietary fatty acids (FA) are components of the lipids, which contribute to membrane structure, energy input, and biological functions related to cellular signaling and transcriptome regulation. However, the consumers still associate dietary FA with fat deposition and increased occurrence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and atherosclerosis. Previous studies already demonstrated that some fatty acids are linked with inflammatory response, preventing metabolic diseases. To better understand the role of dietary FA on metabolic diseases, for the first time, a study to identify key transcription factors (TF) involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response by transcriptome analysis from liver samples of animal models was performed. The key TF were identified by functional enrichment analysis from the list of differentially expressed genes identified in liver samples between 35 pigs fed with 1.5% or 3.0% soybean oil. The functional enrichment analysis detected TF linked to lipid homeostasis and inflammatory response, such as RXRA, EGFR, and SREBP2 precursor. These findings demonstrated that key TF related to lipid metabolism could be modulated by dietary inclusion of soybean oil. It could contribute to nutrigenomics research field that aims to elucidate dietary interventions in animal and human health, as well as to drive food technology and science.

Differential Gene Expression Associated with Soybean Oil Level in the Diet of Pigs

“…Most serum parameters showed no difference with the addition of soybean oil to the diet as shown in our previous study [31]. With the increase in oil, we observed lower values of albumin, triglycerides, and VLDL.…”

“…Each pen was equipped with a three-hole dry self-feeder and a nipple drinker, allowing pigs ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the experimental period. Immunocastration of the intact males was performed by the administration of two 2 mL doses of Vivax ® (Pfizer Animal Health, Parkville, Australia) on fatting day 56 (127 days of age) and fatting day 70 (141 days of age) [30,31], in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The study was performed at experimental farm of DB Genética company, and the animals were slaughtered at 155 days of age on average.…”

“…Sample collection fatty acid profile was previously described in Almeida et al [30] and Fanalli et al [31]. In summary, liver and skeletal muscle (Longissimus lumborum) samples were collected, and then stored at −80 • C until fatty acid profile and RNA sequencing analyses.…”

Brain fatty acid and transcriptome profiles of pig fed diets with different levels of soybean oil

“…The diets were formulated to have a similar metabolizable energy content (3.36 Mcal/kg). Details of the diets in this study are adapted and described in Tables S4–S6 [ 19 , 88 , 89 ].…”

RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of pigs’ liver in response to diet with different sources of fatty acids

“…org/Sus_scrofa/Info/Index]. The abundance (read counts) of mRNAs for all annotated genes was calculated using STAR-2.7.6a (Dobin and Gingeras, 2015;Fanalli et al, 2022a;2022b). Gene expression levels were normalized using counts scaled by the total number of reads (CPM-counts per million) using the R package DESeq2 (Love et al, 2014).…”