Effect of Dietary Vitamin E on Rumen Biohydrogenation Pathways and Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cows Fed High-Fat Diets

Pottier, J.; Focant, Michel; Debier, Cathy; Buysser, Grégory De; Goffe, C.; Mignolet, Éric; Froidmont, Éric; Larondelle, Yvan

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72131-2

Cited by 96 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…These results are in agreement with those observed by Kitessa et al (2003) as a result of fish oil supplementation of lactating ewes. It is interesting to note that although Pottier et al (2006) reported changes in biohydrogenation patterns induced by supernutritional vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows, no such effect was observed in plasma or milk fatty acids within the current study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…This effect may also have led to reduced body fat mobilisation, a finding that corresponds with the lower live weight losses observed in ewes supplemented with fish oil. Vitamin E supplementation had no main effect upon milk yield or composition and the metabolic significance of the interaction between fat source and vitamin E concentration resulting in lower milk protein production in ewes fed concentrate MB is not clear, particularly as vitamin E supplementation of lactating cattle did not affect milk protein yield in the studies of Politis et al (2004), Bell et al (2006) or Pottier et al (2006). Endogenous milk fat synthesis principally results in the secretion of short-and medium-chain fatty acids, with a significant contribution made by C 16:0 (Bauman and Griinari, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

Capper

Wilkinson

Mackenzie

et al. 2007

Animal

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Supplementation of pregnant ewes with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) demonstrably improves indicators of neonatal lamb vigour, potentially improving the number of lambs reared per ewe. The present study investigated the effect of supplementing ewes with fish oil and vitamin E (a-tocopherol acetate) throughout both pregnancy and lactation on the performance of lactating ewes and sucking lambs. Forty-eight ewes were supplemented with one of four concentrates containing either Megalac or fish oil plus a basal (50 mg/kg) or supranutritional (500 mg/kg) concentration of vitamin E from 6 weeks pre-partum until 4 weeks post partum in a two-by-two factorial randomised-block design. All concentrates were formulated to contain approximately 60 g/kg supplemental fatty acids. Ewes were housed, penned on sawdust and offered straw ad libitum. Blood samples were taken from ewes and lambs at intervals throughout the experiment and milk samples were obtained at 21 days into lactation. There was no notable effect of dietary vitamin E concentration upon ewe or lamb performance. Ewe dry-matter (DM) intake and yield were unaffected by dietary treatment, although ewes fed fish oil lost less weight during lactation (21.88 kg compared with 23.97 kg for Megalac-supplemented ewes; P , 0.01). Milk fat concentrations (67.3 g/kg compared with 91.8 g/kg; P , 0.01) and yields (6.65 g/h v. 9.26 g/h; P , 0.01) were reduced in ewes fed fish oil and these decreases were associated with lower litter-growth rates (0.49 g/day compared with 0.54 g/day; P , 0.05). Milk protein yield was increased by fish oil supplementation (3.82 g/h) compared with Megalac supplementation (3.28 g/h; P , 0.05); moreover, there was an interaction between fat source and vitamin E concentration in that both protein concentration and yield were significantly lower in milk from ewes fed treatment with Megalac 1 basal vitamin E (MB) compared with the other three treatments. Fish oil supplementation increased the concentrations of C 18:1 trans-, cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C 20:5 (n-3) and C 22:6 (n-3) within ewe plasma, milk and lamb plasma. The mechanisms by which fish oil supplementation affects milk composition warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

Capper

Wilkinson

Mackenzie

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…However, we were not able precisely to estimate the SV of the 'H-L' diet in the experiment of Roy et al (2006) because the grass hay NDF content was not available. Much lower concentrations of CLA were reported in the experiments of Pottier et al (2006) (values taken on day 21 of each period), Dhiman et al (2000) (mean values taken from weeks 2 to 5) and Kelly et al (1998) (mean values taken from day 11 to day 14). These concentrations amounted, respectively, to 1.14% (c9,t11-CLA), 1.63% (CLA) and 1.67% (CLA) of FA and were associated with MFD, except for the 'linseed 1 vitamin E' diet in Pottier et al (2006) where vitamin E was added.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Much lower concentrations of CLA were reported in the experiments of Pottier et al (2006) (values taken on day 21 of each period), Dhiman et al (2000) (mean values taken from weeks 2 to 5) and Kelly et al (1998) (mean values taken from day 11 to day 14). These concentrations amounted, respectively, to 1.14% (c9,t11-CLA), 1.63% (CLA) and 1.67% (CLA) of FA and were associated with MFD, except for the 'linseed 1 vitamin E' diet in Pottier et al (2006) where vitamin E was added. All these diets had a similar low dietary NDF content (26.62%, 28.30% and 29.10% of DM, respectively) and were supplemented with a source of 18:3n-3 (5.83% extruded linseed 1 0.99% linseed oil, 4.4% linseed oil and 5.3% linseed oil, respectively, DM basis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Influence of an increase in diet structure on milk conjugated linoleic acid content of cows fed extruded linseed

Van

Focant

Deswysen

et al. 2008

Animal

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This experiment studied the effect of a modest difference in diet structure value (SV) on milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents of cows fed diets supplemented with extruded linseed, in situations where the diets provided enough SV and therefore did not induce milk fat depression. Six lactating Holstein cows were used in a crossover design with two treatments ('SV 1.50' and 'SV 1.73') and two periods of 21 days. The 'SV 1.50' diet contained 59% maize silage, 13% soya bean meal, 13% sugar beet pulp and 14% Nutex Compact (containing 56% extruded linseed) (dry matter (DM) basis) and was offered as a restricted total mixed ration. For the 'SV 1.73' diet, 8% wheat straw (DM basis) was added to the 'SV 1.50' diet as an additional structure source. The two diets had a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 59 : 41 and 62 : 38. The inclusion of straw in the diet resulted in an additional intake of NDF (11110 g/day), which accounted for 90% of the additional intake of OM, whereas additional intakes of the other nutrients were minor. Milk yield and composition did not differ among treatments. The inclusion of straw in the diet did not affect the milk levels of t10-18:1, 18:2n-6, c9-16:1, c9-18:1, c11-18:1, 6:0, 8:0, 20:4 and 20:5. It decreased the milk levels of c9,t11-CLA (2.13% v. 3.03% of fatty acids (FA) reported, P , 0.001), t11-18:1 (4.99% v. 7.10% of FA reported, P , 0.001), 18:3n-3, t9-16:1 and t9-18:1, while it increased the milk levels of 6:0-14:0 (20.90% v. 19.69% of FA reported, P , 0.01), 16:0 (26.55% v. 25.25% of FA reported, P , 0.01), 18:0 (13.54% v. 12.59% of FA reported, P , 0.001), 17:0, 20:0 and 22:5. Regarding the ratio between FA, the inclusion of straw increased the 18:0/total C18 FA ratio (37.74% v. 32.07%, P , 0.001), whereas it decreased the total trans-C18 FA/total C18 FA ratio (15.46% v. 20.34%, P , 0.001), the t11-18:1/total C18 FA ratio (13.70% v. 17.95%, P , 0.01) and the c9,t11-CLA/total C18 FA ratio (5.82% v. 7.64%, P , 0.001). We conclude from this experiment that even a modest increase in SV to a diet supplemented with extruded linseed, yet already providing enough SV, alters the rumen lipid metabolism and, hence, CLA levels in milk fat.

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Role of biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat depression

Shingfield

Griinari

2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

176

219

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Role of biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat depressionFat is the most variable constituent in milk and is reduced on low-fiber/high-concentrate diets or on rations containing lipid supplements rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biohydrogenation theory attributes the causal mechanism underlying dietinduced milk fat depression (MFD) to changes in ruminal lipid metabolism leading to increased formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates that exert anti-lipogenic effects. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the only intermediate shown unequivocally to inhibit milk fat synthesis. However, increases in ruminal trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation do not provide a universal explanation for the reductions in milk fat during diet-induced MFD, suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates may also be involved. Post-ruminal infusion experiments have provided tentative evidence that cis-10, trans-12 CLA and trans-9, cis-11 CLA also exert antilipogenic effects. Diet-induced MFD is consistently associated with an increase in milk fat trans-10 18:1 concentrations, but recent direct evidence offers little support for a role of this intermediate in the regulation of milk fat synthesis. Further research is required to characterize the structure and function of other biohydrogenation intermediates, as well as considering the contribution of more global changes in ruminal lipid metabolism to provide a more universal explanation of diet-induced MFD.

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Effect of Dietary Vitamin E on Rumen Biohydrogenation Pathways and Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cows Fed High-Fat Diets

Cited by 96 publications

References 20 publications

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

Influence of an increase in diet structure on milk conjugated linoleic acid content of cows fed extruded linseed

Role of biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat depression

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