Effect of diethylenetriamine sensitization on detonation of nitromethane in porous media

Lee, Julian J.; Brouillette, Martin; Frost, David L.; Lee, John H. S.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(94)00124-b

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Large charges with a diameter of 21.2 cm utilized a standard 5 liter spherical boiling flask to contain the heterogeneous explosive. These charge diameters are far beyond the critical tube diameter for the explosive which ranges between 1.5 and 2.5 cm (Lee et al 1995b). The particle size was varied over an order of magnitude (from about 100 µm to 925 µm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive dispersal of solid particles

Zhang¹,

et al. 2001

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The rapid dispersal of inert solid particles due to the detonation of a heterogeneous explosive, consisting of a packed bed of steel beads saturated with a liquid explosive, has been investigated experimentally and numerically. Detonation of the spherical charge generates a blast wave followed by a complex supersonic gas-solid flow in which, in some cases, the beads catch up to and penetrate the leading shock front. The interplay between the particle dynamics and the blast wave propagation was investigated experimentally as a function of the particle size (100-925 µm) and charge diameter (8.9-21.2 cm) with flash X-ray radiography and blast wave instrumentation. The flow topology during the dispersal process ranges from a dense granular flow to a dilute gas-solid flow. Difficulties in the modeling of the high-speed gas-solid flow are discussed, and a heuristic model for the equation of state for the solid flow is developed. This model is incorporated into the Eulerian two-phase fluid model of Baer and Nunziato (1986) and simulations are carried out. The results of this investigation indicate that the crossing of the particles through the shock front strongly depends on the charge geometry, the charge size and the material density of the particles. Moreover, there exists a particle size limit below which the particles cannot penetrate the shock for the range of charge sizes considered. Above this limit, the distance required for the particles to overtake the shock is not very sensitive to the particle size but remains sensitive to the particle material density. Overall, excellent agreement was observed between the experimental and computational results.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive dispersal of solid particles

Zhang¹,

et al. 2001

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“…Homogeneous nitromethanea lso serves as an excellentc ontrol case for follow-on studies that examine inclusions of inert or reactive materials. Indeed, nitromethaneh as been the base-explosive for aw ide rangings tudy of non-ideale xplosive effects for the last two decades [36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Gurney Model in Planar Geometry for a Conventional Explosive

Loiseau

Georges

Higgins

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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1IntroductionThe high-velocity projection of materials is one of the primary uses of condensed phase explosives. As such,t he efficacy with which ag iven high explosive accelerates material, and the velocity with which materiali st hrown for ag iven configuration, are essential considerations. Af ully rigorous modelling treatment of the acceleration of am etal flyer by ah igh explosive typically involves the use of ah ydrocode with detonation product equation of state data fitted to cylinder test experiments. However,a nalytical tools are often desirablei ne ngineering design, scaling studies, and as am etric for comparing the efficiency of explosives.The analyticalm odel developed by Gurney is the seminal method for estimating the terminal velocity of metals accelerated by high explosive [ 1].G urney'sm ethoda llows for an analytic estimation of terminal material velocity for alarge number of charge geometries using asingle,empirical parameter representingt he energetic yield of ap articular explosive. This parameter,t ermed the Gurney energy, can be extracted from aw ide variety of experiments. Because of the elegance, simplicity,a nd reasonable accuracy of the method, extensions to the Gurney modelh ave been widely used for seventy years.T he Gurney energy of an explosive remains an essentialm etric by which the propulsive capabilityo fa ne xplosive is judged and is ubiquitouslyr eferenced in most literature sources studying the explosive acceleration of metals, particularly in the context of cylinder test experiments [2][3][4].While ac omprehensive literature review is not possible in this paper,w ew ould point to some key references:K ennedy [5,6] and Jones [7] present re-derivationso ft he ex-Abstract:T he analytical modeld eveloped by Gurney is as eminal tool for analyzingt he acceleration of metal flyers driven by detonating high explosives.D espite the continued relevance of this model, relatively few experimental validations over aw ide range of flyer-to-chargem ass ratios exist in the openl iterature. The current study presents experimental results for planar aluminum flyers propelled by ac onventional explosive over ar angeo fm ass ratios varying from 4.65 to 0.03. Flyer velocityw as measured via Het-erodyne Laser Velocimetry (PDV),p ermitting ac ontinuous measurement of the acceleration process. Measured flyer velocities are compared to terminal velocity estimations from the Gurneym odel. Experimental terminal velocities are compared to theo pen face and asymmetric sandwich Gurney models. Excellent agreement is observedf or terminal velocity predictionsc onsideringt he gasdynamic simplificationsi nherent in the model formulation.

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“…The explosive blend was chosen to provide a direct method of observing the effects of adding heterogeneities into a homogeneous system on the detonation propagation. Similar model heterogeneous explosives have previously been used in several studies (Engelke, 1983;Lee, Brouillette, Frost, & Lee, 1995;Lee, 1997). The critical diameter and critical thickness of this explosive were measured in aluminum confinement and at a temperature of 22 1C71 1C.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 95%