Effect of Different Cooling Modes on Crystal Size Distribution in a Batch Cooling Crystallizer for<scp>DL</scp>-Malic Acid

Srinivasakannan, C.; Balasubramaniam, N.

doi:10.1080/02726350590922251

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Linear cooling profiles (with plateaus at the end) are a recommended strategy in cooling crystallization [44], but this was not reproduced here. Closely following the supersaturation line was also found to be viable for the seeded cooling crystallization of paracetamol [2], giving more confidence in the results obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Crystallization Process Design by Proximal Policy Optimization

Tancev

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical process design is the search for an optimal manufacturing protocol to perform chemical operations. For transient processes such as crystallization, the optimal conditions can change over time, requiring a dynamic strategy. Model-free deep reinforcement learning is an approach that can be used to identify the best sequence of states with respect to a predefined reward function. In this work, proximal policy optimization is applied in a simulated environment to identify operational strategies that are optimal with respect to the desired particle properties in unseeded batch cooling crystallization processes of paracetamol in ethanol. For this purpose, the corresponding Markov decision process is formulated, and it is shown that the method is promising for the development of novel routes that allow the tuning of particle size (623 μm) and provide high yields (96%) within a defined period of time (12 h).

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Crystallization Process Design by Proximal Policy Optimization

Tancev

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, when the cooling rate is 0.67 K min −1 , the average size of AP crystals is 150.6 µm, which is larger than that of 3.6 K min −1 (111.1 µm) and 19.2 K min −1 (61.7 µm). However, this is not surprising because when the cooling rates is fast, it is in favor of nucleation which creates a lot of crystal nucleus, resulting in the formation of small crystals …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this is not surprising because when the cooling rates is fast, it is in favor of nucleation which creates a lot of crystal nucleus, resulting in the formation of small crystals. [20][21][22] The PXRD was used to examine the phase purity of AP samples prepared at the concentration and stirring rate of 33.3 wt% and 300 rpm. As reported in the literature, only two crystalline forms of AP have been reported so far.…”

Section: Batch Cooling Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent–Solvent Cooling Crystallization: An Effective Method to Control the Morphology and Size of Ammonium Perchlorate Crystals

Liu

Xie

et al. 2019

Crystal Research and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Controlling ammonium perchlorate crystals with desired properties is still a challenge in industrial crystallization. In this work, two different cooling crystallization methods, namely solvent–solvent cooling crystallization and batch cooling crystallization, are compared to prepare ammonium perchlorate crystals with tunable shapes and sizes. The influences of crystallization parameters such as cooling pattern, cooling rate, stirring rate, feed rate, and solution concentration on the morphology and size of ammonium perchlorate particles are studied. The results indicate that solvent–solvent cooling crystallization makes it easier to control the supersaturation of the crystallization system than bath cooling crystallization, resulting in a more uniform morphology of the ammonium perchlorate crystals prepared by the solvent–solvent cooling crystallization. In addition, by adjusting the crystallization conditions, the shape of ammonium perchlorate crystals can be tailored as long rectangle, tabular, spherical, platy, bipyramid, and high‐index faced polyhedron shaped, the mean size of which can be controlled from 43.9 to 191.9 µm. Moreover, the proposed crystallization method provides a promising strategy for the continuous production of ammonium perchlorate crystals in industry; it is also a reference for the crystallization of other materials in crystal engineering.

show abstract