Effect of different dietary supplemental fats and oils on the tissue fatty acid composition and growth of female broilers

Abstract

1. A study was undertaken to examine the effect of supplementation of diets with fats of different chain length and degree of unsaturation on the performance, carcase characteristics and tissue fatty acid composition of broilers. 2. Three hundred and sixty 19-day-old female broilers were fed on diets containing supplemental fat/oil (50 g/kg) in the form of beef tallow (BT) (diet T-T), soyabean oil (SBO) (diet S-S), rapeseed oil (RSO) (diet R-R), marine oil (MO) (diet M-M) or binary mixtures (0.5:0.5 w/w) of these lipids (diets T-S, T-R, T-M, S-R, S-M, and R-M) to 54 d of age. Food intake, live weight, plucked weight and the lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of abdominal fat pad, liver and breast muscle were measured. 3. Food intake, plucked weight and live weight were greatest for diet T-T and lowest for diet R-R. Food conversion ratio was poorest for birds fed on diets containing BT. Lipid concentration in abdominal fat pad was significantly higher in birds fed on diets containing SBO. Liver lipid concentration was significantly reduced by diets containing RSO. 4. Abdominal fat pad fatty acid profile was most readily altered by dietary fatty acids. There was a strong correlation between dietary fatty acid composition and tissue fatty acid composition for all fatty acids except C14:0, C20:0, C20: 2n-6 and C20: 4n-6. The tissue P/S ratio ranged from 0.40 for diet T-T to 1.40 for diet S-S. The n-6/n-3 ratio was significantly increased by the inclusion of SBO and decreased by the inclusion of MO. 5. Liver fatty acid profile was least modified by dietary fatty acids. There was an inverse relationship between liver and dietary C20:4n-6 concentration. Tissue C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6 were highly correlated, suggesting significant interconversion by delta-6 desaturase in this tissue. The n-6/n-3 ratio was significantly increased by inclusion of SBO and significantly decreased by the inclusion of MO. 6. In breast muscle MO-based diets increased the proportion of n-3 PUFA at the expense of n-6 PUFA. The tissue concentrations of C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C20:1n-9, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 were strongly correlated with dietary fatty acid composition. Muscle and diet P/S and n-6/n-3 ratios were highly correlated.

Oil and fat in broiler nutrition

“…Scaife et al (1994) fed female broilers with rations containing different sources of lipids (beef tallow, soybean oil, canola oil, marine fish oil or a mixture of these oils) and observed that live weight was significantly higher when soybean oil was used. Birds fed with canola oil also showed higher intake and higher weight.…”

“…Therefore, it has been suggested the inclusion of low dietary levels of fish oil together with another source of linoleic fatty acid to obtain an acceptable product with increased ratio between ω-3:ω-6 fatty acids. Scaife et al (1994) have utilized beef tallow, soybean oil, colza oil, oil of marine fish or mixtures of these oils in female broiler diets. The relation ω-6:ω-3 was significantly increased with the inclusion of soybean oil and decreased with the inclusion of marine fish oil.…”

Effect of dietary lipid sources on production performance of broilers

“…The existing potential for the modification of dietary fatty acids has proved to be a viable method of value adding to poultry products since dietary fatty acids are absorbed and deposited in the body tissue without significant modification by birds (González-Esquerra & Leeson, 2001). Scaife et al (1994) and Lopez-Ferrer et al (1999) reported that the lipid composition of broiler meat is modified according to the fatty acid profile of the dietary lipids sources within a week of feeding the diets.…”

Effect of fish oil and vitamin E in the diet on the fatty acid composition of breast meat in broiler chickens

“…Dietary administration of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may increase their content in the lipid fraction of animal products (Scaife et al, 1994) and could be a positive fatty-acid modulator in human diets (Lewis et al, 2000). The fat from cold marine fish contains high concentrations of docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids and can efficiently increase n-3 fatty acid content in poultry diets (Miller and Robisch, 1969).…”