Effect of Different Dietary Zinc Sources on Growth, Element Deposition, Antioxidation, Lipid Metabolism, and Related Gene Expression in Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus)

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of different supplements of Zn on the growth performance, antioxidant, lipid metabolism, and element deposition of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus). A total of 180 juvenile groupers (bodyweight 10.02 ± 0.01 g) were divided into three groups of 20 fish each and fed with ZnSO4, nanozinc oxide (Nano-ZnO), and dihydromyricetin-Zn (DMY-Zn) for 8 weeks(the content of Zn were 123,122.11, and 120.72 mg/kg). The findings revealed that DMY-Zn had a substantial impact on growth, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio, whereas Nano-ZnO had a significant impact on feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Furthermore, DMY-Zn had a positive effect on the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content and significantly upregulated the lipid synthesis gene expression (FASN and ACACA) in the liver. The fish fed DMY-Zn had larger levels of catalase (CAT) in both the serum and liver, as well as Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes in muscle. In terms of antioxidant-related gene expression, the DMY-Zn treatment upregulated the expression of SOD1, Keap1b, and Mt2. Moreover, DMY-Zn also had a prominent effect on element deposition, increasing the concentration of Fe and Zn in the fish liver and muscle and Cu only in the fish muscle. The results revealed that a fish-fed diet enriched with DMY-Zn had significantly higher antioxidant and lipid metabolism activities than a ZnSO4-fed diet. In conclusion, dietary DMY-Zn treatment appears to be effective in increasing hybrid grouper growth, element deposition, antioxidant activity, and lipid metabolism.

Enhanced resilience of marine fish to extreme environments by nano-ZnO exposure

“…In our study, the increased contents of CAT and SOD (Table 1) indicated that the antioxidative ability was enhanced by dietary nZnO exposure more than by dietary Zn, as reported in other fish. 32–34 Dietary nZnO may provide Zn and ZnO (incompletely dissolved), and both play physiological roles in organisms. 35…”

“…In our study, the increased contents of CAT and SOD (Table 1) indicated that the antioxidative ability was enhanced by dietary nZnO exposure more than by dietary Zn, as reported in other fish. [32][33][34] Dietary nZnO may provide Zn and ZnO (incompletely dissolved), and both play physiological roles in organisms. 35 Studies on cellular systems following nZnO exposure showed that the GSH content varied as an adaptive response to the generated oxidative stress.…”

Use of Nanoparticles as Antioxidant Agents to Combat Bacterial Infections and its Benefits to Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Response

“…Zinc belongs to transition elements and is found in trace amounts, but it is essential for the proper functioning of millions of enzymes in humans and animals. That's why Zn-based nanoparticles have significant importance by increasing the nutritional requirements of the body (Wang et al, 2022). Several bacteria present in the human digestive tract are hazardous to health, such as Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus aureus (Mak et al, 2022).…”

The potential of irradiated inoculants consortium for zinc accumulation in rice mutant lines

“…Zinc (Zn) is one of the microminerals essential for the growth of living organisms [1], as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes in the body [2]. It plays an important role in the synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates [1,3]. Plants need 20 to 100 ppm of Zn [4].…”