Effect of different handgrip angles on work distribution during hand cycling at submaximal power levels

Krämer, Christian; Schneider, Gabriel; Böhm, Harald; Klöpfer-Krämer, Isabella; Senner, Veit

doi:10.1080/00140130902971916

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In between sessions was a two-day break (~). The fourth and very last minute of exercise in each crank mode were analyzed to compare the effects of crank mode and motor learning 210°), pull down (210-270°), pull up (270-330°), and the lift up phase (330-30°) [27,34,35].…”

Section: Instrumented Handcycle and Kinetic Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical and physiological differences between synchronous and asynchronous low intensity handcycling during practice-based learning in able-bodied men

Kraaijenbrink

Vegter

Hensen

et al. 2020

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Background: Originally, the cranks of a handcycle were mounted with a 180°phase shift (asynchronous). However, as handcycling became more popular, the crank mode switched to a parallel mounting (synchronous) over the years. Differences between both modes have been investigated, however, not into great detail for propulsion technique or practice effects. Our aim is to compare both crank modes from a biomechanical and physiological perspective, hence considering force and power production as a cause of physiological outcome measures. This is done within a practice protocol, as it is expected that motor learning takes place in the early stages of handcycling in novices. Methods: Twelve able-bodied male novices volunteered to take part. The experiment consisted of a pre-test, three practice sessions and a post-test, which was subsequently repeated for both crank modes in a counterbalanced manner. In each session the participants handcycled for 3 × 4 minutes on a leveled motorized treadmill at 1.94 m/s. Inbetween sessions were 2 days of rest. 3D forces, handlebar and crank angle were measured on the left hand side. Kinematic markers were placed on the handcycle to monitor the movement on the treadmill. Lastly, breath-bybreath spirometry combined with heart-rate were continuously measured. The effects of crank mode and practicebased learning were analyzed using a two way repeated measures ANOVA, with synchronous vs asynchronous and pre-test vs post-test as within-subject factors. Results: In the pre-test, asynchronous handcycling was less efficient than synchronous handcycling in terms of physiological strain, force production and timing. At the post-test, the metabolic costs were comparable for both modes. The force production was, also after practice, more efficient in the synchronous mode. External power production, crank rotation velocity and the distance travelled back and forwards on the treadmill suggest that asynchronous handcycling is more constant throughout the cycle.

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Section: Instrumented Handcycle and Kinetic Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical and physiological differences between synchronous and asynchronous low intensity handcycling during practice-based learning in able-bodied men

Kraaijenbrink

Vegter

Hensen

et al. 2020

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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“…To date, details on the external force applied during handcycling or arm cranking are becoming available (Bafghi et al, 2008;Faupin et al, 2010;Kramer et al, 2009a;Kramer et al, 2009b;Smith et al, 2008). The externally applied hand forces give an indication about the possible shoulder moments and the shoulder load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder load during handcycling at different incline and speed conditions

Arnet

Drongelen

Woude

et al. 2012

Clinical Biomechanics

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Due to the circular movement and the continuous force application during handcycling, the glenohumeral contact forces, as well as the muscle forces were clearly lower compared to the results in the existing literature on wheelchair propulsion. These findings prove the assumption that handcycling is mechanically less straining than handrim wheelchair propulsion, which may help preventing overuse to the shoulder complex.

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“…Other aspects of the crank setup, which were subject to previous studies, were the effect of crank width and distance on range of motion (Faupin & Gorce, ), crank length on cycling power (Kramer et al., ), cadence (Kramer et al., ), and ME (Goosey‐Tolfrey et al., ). Further, the effect of different handgrip angles on muscle activity (Bressel et al., ) and work distribution (Kramer et al., ) was studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of crank position and backrest inclination on shoulder load and mechanical efficiency during handcycling

Arnet

Drongelen

Schlüssel

et al. 2012

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Handbikes come in different models and setups, but only limited knowledge is available on the handbike-user interface. The aim of this study was to identify optimal handbike setups, assuming that in such a setup mechanical efficiency is high, while shoulder load is low. Thirteen subjects with a spinal cord injury (paraplegia) performed handcycling with different handbike setups at constant power output: four crank positions (two distances, two heights) and four backrest inclinations. The O2-consumption, kinetics, and kinematics were measured to calculate mechanical efficiency and shoulder load (glenohumeral contact force, net shoulder moments, and rotator cuff force). The analysis showed that more upright backrest positions resulted in lower shoulder load compared with the most reclined position [glenohumeral contact force (260 vs 335 N), supraspinatus (14.4% vs 18.2%), and infraspinatus force (5.4% vs 9.8%)], while there was no difference in efficiency. Except for a reduction in subscapularis force at the distant position, no differences in shoulder load or efficiency were found between crank positions. Recreational handbike users, who want to improve their physical capacity in a shoulder-friendly way, should set up their handbike with a more upright backrest position and a distant crank placement.

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Effect of different handgrip angles on work distribution during hand cycling at submaximal power levels

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Biomechanical and physiological differences between synchronous and asynchronous low intensity handcycling during practice-based learning in able-bodied men

Biomechanical and physiological differences between synchronous and asynchronous low intensity handcycling during practice-based learning in able-bodied men

Shoulder load during handcycling at different incline and speed conditions

The effect of crank position and backrest inclination on shoulder load and mechanical efficiency during handcycling

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