Effect of different level and source of copper supplementation on immune response and copper dependent enzyme activity in lambs

Abstract

An experiment was conducted on 30 male Nellore lambs with average body weight (BW) of 15.45 +/- 0.06 kg to determine the level of the copper (Cu) supplementation in diet from inorganic and organic sources required for optimum immunity and its effect on copper dependent enzymes by allotting them randomly to five groups in completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were viz., basal diet (no Cu supplementation, BD), other four groups were offered BD supplemented with 7 or 14 ppm Cu from copper sulphate (CuSO(4)) and Cu-proteinate, respectively. The lambs were fed the respective diets at 3.5 per cent BW to meet the requirements except Cu for 180 days. The humoral immune response against Brucella abortus and chicken RBC was assessed after 90 days of feeding. The in vivo delayed type hyper sensitivity reaction against PHA-P and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation against Con A indicative of cell mediated immune response (CMI) was assayed at 180 days of feeding. At the end of experiment four lambs from each group were slaughtered for estimation of liver superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). The ceruloplasmin and RBC-SOD activities were higher (P < 0.05) in 14 ppm Cu supplemented lambs from Cu-proteinate at 90 and 180 days, while the liver SOD activity was higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed 14 ppm Cu from CuSO(4). The STAT titres against B. abortus were higher in Cu supplemented lambs, with no effect of dose of supplementation. Lambs supplemented with Cu-proteinate had higher titers than CuSO(4) on 7 and 14 days of post sensitization. The total immunoglobulin concentration and the CMI response against PHA-P and Con-A was higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed 14 ppm Cu-proteinae diet. The IgM level was though high in Cu supplemented lambs, no dose or source effect were observed. The study indicated that Cu dependent enzymes activity and immune response were highest and respond better against stress in lambs on 14 ppm supplemented Cu from Cu-proteinate.

The effect of feed supplementation with a copper‐glycine chelate and copper sulphate on selected humoral and cell‐mediated immune parameters, plasma superoxide dismutase activity, ceruloplasmin and cytokine concentration in broiler chickens

“…The results demonstrate that the use of copper preparations stimulates humoral immune mechanisms via production of activated B lymphocytes and in consequence synthesis of antibodies. Similar observations were made by Senthilkumar, Nagalakshmi, Ramana Reddy, and Sudhakar () in a study on sheep, which found that supplementation of feed with organic forms of copper increased the level of antibodies in the animals to a greater degree than copper sulphate. However, the results of some studies have been inconsistent.…”

“…An increase in the activity of this enzyme induced by administration of an organic form of copper has been demonstrated by Xin, Waterman, Hemken, and Harmon () in cattle and by Senthilkumar et al. () in sheep. In contrast, Koh, Peng, and Klasing () and Dorton et al.…”

“…Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the most important Cu‐dependent enzymes and is functionally associated with various tissues (Senthilkumar et al., ). SOD catalyses dismutation of superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and protects cells and tissues exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) against lipoperoxidation (Cheung & Tai, ).…”

Determination of Trace Elements in Anti-influenza Virus Mushrooms

“…Senthilkumar P reported that the total immunoglobulin concentration and the cell-mediated immune response against PHA-P and Con-A was higher in lambs fed 14 ppm Cu-proteinase diet. The IgM level was though high in Cu supplemented lambs [33]. Lead (Pb) was found in at an average level of 0.852 mg/kg.…”

Effects of graded levels of cupric citrate on growth performance, antioxidant status, serum lipid metabolites and immunity, and tissue residues of trace elements in weaned pigs

“…As the component of several enzymes such as Cu/Zn-SOD [24], Cu at an appropriate dosage may decrease lipid peroxidation by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes [25,26]. The degree of lipid peroxidation could be evaluated by MDA [27].…”