Effect of different load profiles on the loss-of-load probability of stand-alone photovoltaic systems

Off-grid photovoltaic systems as a solution for the ambient pollution avoidance and Iraq’s rural areas electrification

“…The LCC of an item consists of the total costs of owning and operating an item over its lifetime, expressed in today's money [16][17][18][19]. The costs of an off-grid PV system include acquisition costs, operating costs, maintenance costs, and replacement costs.…”

Optimum autonomous photovoltaic solution for the Greek islands on the basisof energy pay-back analysis

“…Finally, the EPBP of the stand-alone system in Zakithnos is approximately equal to 23.5 years, a numerical value that exceeds the minimum service period of the installation, being however quite lower than the 30 years maximum, which is the sustainability criterion of the proposed PV-Bat systems. Besides, it is evident that by abandoning the zero-load rejection condition and allowing more realistic loss of load constraints [38,39], the size of the proposed stand-alone installations is significantly reduced, thus improving the energy sustainability of the proposed configuration.…”

Performance evaluation of a photovoltaic system with battery storage in Ghardaïa site (South Algeria)

“…In the attempt to simulate an energetic equilibrium profile of a remote consumer, a condensed effort is done to define electricity demand of a typical remote consumer [4,11,24,25]. Energy needs were evaluated through a questionnaire (see Table II).…”