Effect of Different Seasons on Cross-Bred Cow Milk Composition and Paneer Yield in Sub-Himalayan Region

Abstract

The study was designed to evaluate the seasonal influences on cross-bred cow milk composition and paneer yield in Dhauladhar mountain range of sub-himalayan region. Fifty samples from each season were collected from a herd of Jersey×Red Sindhi ×Local cross-bred cows during summer (April-June), rainy (July-September) and winter (November-February) and analyzed for fat, total solids (TS) and solids not fat (SNF). Paneer was prepared by curdling milk at 85±2°C with 2.5 per cent citric acid solution. Overall mean for fat, TS and SNF content of milk and paneer yield were 4.528, 13.310, 8.754 and 15.218 per cent respectively. SNF and TS content varied among seasons being highest in winter (8.983% and 13.639%) followed by summer (8.835% and 13.403%) and lowest in rainy season (8.444% and 12.888%). Paneer yield was lowest (14.792%) in rainy season and highest (15.501%) in winter season.

Paneer production: A review

“…The suggested coagulation temperature for obtaining good quality paneer from cow milk was 80-85°C (Vishweshwaraiah and Anantakrishnan 1985a;Mistry et al 1992;Arya and Bhaik 1992;Sharma et al 2002). Coagulation temperature of 90 o and 70°C has been recommended when preparing paneer from ewe's milk and mixed milk (cow: buffalo; 1:1) respectively (Pal et al , 2008.…”

“…The yield of paneer is dictated by the composition of milk used (type of milk, standardization for fat or fat and SNF), heat treatment given to milk, type and strength of coagulant, losses incurred after coagulation (based on pH and temperature of coagulation) and moisture content of resultant paneer after pressing Chawla et al 1985Chawla et al , 1987Singh 1987, 1988a, b;Sharma et al 2002). According to Chandan (2007a), the yield of paneer was dependent on the fat and SNF content of the milk used, fat and protein recovered in paneer and its moisture content.…”

“…A yield of around 21-23% for paneer containing 51-54% moisture can be obtained from buffalo milk, while yield from cow milk is about 17-18%. Sharma et al (2002) reported that the composition of milk, which changes with the seasons of the year, had profound effect on the yield of paneer. Milk obtained during winter season gave highest yield (15.5%) while rainy season led to least yield (14.79%).…”

Effect of somatic cell count on milk fat and protein in different parities and stages of lactation in Holstein cows

“…Also, the highest and the lowest content and percentage of milk protein was observed in fall and summer, respectively. Several investigation (Auldist et al, 1998;Sharma et al, 2002;Amenu et al, 2006;Malek dos Reis et al, 2013) reported significant effect of season on total content and composition of milk. Sharma et al (2002) reported that milk fat percentage, cheese yield and total milk solids were highest from November to February and lowest from July to September.…”

“…Several investigation (Auldist et al, 1998;Sharma et al, 2002;Amenu et al, 2006;Malek dos Reis et al, 2013) reported significant effect of season on total content and composition of milk. Sharma et al (2002) reported that milk fat percentage, cheese yield and total milk solids were highest from November to February and lowest from July to September. Contrary to the result of this study, Malek dos Reis et al (2013) declared that milk fat and protein percentage of Gyr cows in Brazil were higher during the dry season (April to September).…”