The study was designed to evaluate the seasonal influences on cross-bred cow milk composition and paneer yield in Dhauladhar mountain range of sub-himalayan region. Fifty samples from each season were collected from a herd of Jersey×Red Sindhi ×Local cross-bred cows during summer (April-June), rainy (July-September) and winter (November-February) and analyzed for fat, total solids (TS) and solids not fat (SNF). Paneer was prepared by curdling milk at 85±2°C with 2.5 per cent citric acid solution. Overall mean for fat, TS and SNF content of milk and paneer yield were 4.528, 13.310, 8.754 and 15.218 per cent respectively. SNF and TS content varied among seasons being highest in winter (8.983% and 13.639%) followed by summer (8.835% and 13.403%) and lowest in rainy season (8.444% and 12.888%). Paneer yield was lowest (14.792%) in rainy season and highest (15.501%) in winter season.

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: Goat milk as a source for minerals nutrition is an often overlooked benefit of this dairy treat. In fact, when it comes to calcium, potassium and selenium, goat milk is a real champ. It seems, however, that the amount of mineral is not the only nutritional factor. The study was conducted at the central institute for research on goats, Makhdoom, Mathura; under the division nutrition feed resources and products technology for the study of farm rearing condition. Milk samples were collected from Jakhrana goat under the farm and field rearing condition. Field samples were collected from different villages. The overall average calcium content was 0.146±0.0019 per cent. Phosphorus percentage in the milk of Jakhrana goat breed under field and farm rearing conditions in early, middle and late lactation 0.122±0.0011 and 0.124±0.0010 and 0.124±0.0012 and 0.126±0.0011 and 0.126±0.0010 and 0.128±0.0011 per cent, respectively. The potassium content in the milk of Jakhrana goat breed under field and farm rearing samples in early, middle and late lactation was 0.112±0.0006 and 0.113±0.0009, 0.111±0.0009 and 0.112±0.0008 and 0.110±0.0009 and 0.111±0.0008 per cent, respectively. The overall average magnesium per cent in all above samples either field or farm rearing conditions in all stage of lactation was 0.0146±0.00015. Chloride content in Jakhrana goat breed indicated that the effect of stage of lactation under field and farm rearing condition was found to be 0.100±0.00058 and 0.103±0.00050 and 0.104±0.00059 and 0.107±0.00054 and 0.114±0.00061 and 0.114±0.00054 in early, middle and late lactation, respectively. The selenium percentage in the milk of Jakhrana goat breed under field and farm rearing conditions in early, middle and late lactation was found to be 0.01681±0.000053 and 0.01641±0.000058, 0.01695±0.000055 and 0.01666±0.000060 and 0.01709±0.000057 and 0.01690±0.000060, respectively. The overall average selenium content was a 0.01667±0.000058. Stages of lactation had conspicuous effects on milk quality of goats under study.

The study was conducted at the Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura; under the division nutrition feed resources and products technology for the study of farm rearing condition. A total of 479 milk samples were collected from field and farm rearing condition 222 single (field 28 and farm 194), twins 230 (field 66 and farm 164) and triplets 27 (field 08 and farm 19) milk samples. The overall average calcium content of all above samples in all rearing and births was 0.1455±0.0019 per cent. Phosphorus content was significantly greater in farm samples than field rearing samples in all multiple births. Potassium percentage in the milk of Jamunapari goat breed under field and farm rearing conditions in single, twins and triplets birth was found to be 0.113±0.0008 and 0.113±0.0008, 0.111±0.0007 and 0.111±0.0008 and 0.107±0.0008 and 0.109±0.0008 respectively. The highest magnesium, chloride and selenium content were observed in single birth samples under field as well as farm rearing samples. Multiple births had conspicuous effects on milk quality of goats under study.