Effect of different waterlogging periods on biochemistry, growth, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of Arachis hypogaea L.

Abstract

Peanut is among the main oil crops in India with huge economic importance. The unpredictable rainy season during the growing time of peanuts causes waterlogging in peanut fields. Waterlogging triggers major environmental limitations that negatively affect the growth, physiology, and development of peanuts. Thus, the export and production of peanuts are severely affected by waterlogging. Therefore, the understanding of metabolic mechanisms under waterlogging is important to future water-stress tolerance breeding in peanuts. This study aimed to evaluate how peanuts responded to various waterlogging conditions in terms of their development, metabolic processes, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics. The evaluations were carried out at different stages of peanut variety DH-86 treated with waterlogging. The peanut plants were subjected to different waterlogging periods of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 days. The growth parameters including total dry mass, total leaf area, and total leaves number were calculated in all treatments. The phenomenological and specific energy fluxes and maximum photosystem II efficiency (FV/Fm) were also determined. The measurements were done statistically using PCA, G-Means clustering, and correlation analysis to explore the interaction between different physiological parameters. The waterlogging for 100 days caused a significant reduction in the total number of leaves, dry mass, and total leaf area. The most sensitive parameters are specific and phenomenological energy fluxes and Fv/Fm, which notably decreased as waterlogging duration increased. The results indicated the growth and physiological performance of the peanut cv. DH-86 was affected significantly due to waterlogging and the interaction between all these parameters in waterlogging. This research focused on how peanuts respond to waterlogging stress and provides the basis for future plant breeding efforts to improve peanut waterlogging tolerance, especially in rainy regions. This will improve the sustainability of the entire peanut industry.

Recovery period of long-term waterlogging exacerbates damage to photochemical phase of photosynthesis in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

“…Similar data have been reported in bean plants (V. faba L.), where waterlogging caused a decrease in the Chl a content and that remained during the recovery period (Pociecha 2013). It is known that waterlogging induces the synthesis of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) that is transported to the aerial part of the plant and converted into ethylene, a hormone that induces the activation of enzymes that degrade chlorophylls (Christianson et al 2010;Sharma et al 2022). Likewise, the reduction of chlorophylls can also be a mechanism of photoprotection under stress conditions, since it reduces the number of photons absorbed by the leaves (Galmés et al 2007).…”

“…Likewise, the reduction of chlorophylls can also be a mechanism of photoprotection under stress conditions, since it reduces the number of photons absorbed by the leaves (Galmés et al 2007). The reduction in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content observed in this study may be associated with the reduction in F v /F m (Shangguan et al 2000;Sharma et al 2022).…”

Ecotoxicological assessment of cigarette butts on morphology and photosynthetic potential of Azolla pinnata

“…Numerous studies have investigated the physiological adaptations of plants subjected to various stresses, which have revealed that plants have developed intricate defense mechanisms to counteract the detrimental effects of these environmental stressors [ 45 , 47 , 48 ]. The technique of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) analysis has been widely employed to detect composite biochemical changes occurring in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, encompassing both terrestrial and aquatic species [ 49 ].…”

Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses of Photosynthesis in Three Mulberry Cultivars within Two Propagation Methods (Cutting and Grafting) under Waterlogging Stress

“…As photosynthesis is affected by waterlogging stress, which in turn affects plant production, it is crucial to understand the physiological and genetic regulation of waterlogged plants [16][17][18][19]. In plants, genetically regulated hormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellic acid play important roles in responding to environmental stress [20,21].…”