Effect of drought stress on morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of Cempo Ireng Cultivar Mutant Rice (Oryza sativa l.) strain 51 irradiated by gamma-ray

Abstract

Drought stress is a factor that affects plant growth and development, both in terms of morphology, anatomy, and physiology. Mutant Oryza sativa L. strain 51 of Cempo Ireng cultivar as the result of gamma-ray irradiation is superior mutant black rice strain which has a faster planting period of 10-20 days than its control and shorter plant height. This study aims to determine the morphological, anatomical, and physiological responses, especially the proline content inside the leaves of mutant black rice strain 51. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatment of drought stress using PEG 6000 in Yoshida liquid media. The seedlings were planted for 21 days in untreated media, then treated for 14 days. Observation of morphological characters was carried out by measuring plant height, root length, leaf area, and plant biomass. Observations of anatomical characters were carried out by observing the cross-section of the root. Observation of physiological character was carried out by measuring leaf proline levels. The results showed that drought stress with PEG 6000 inhibited the growth and development of mutant rice strain 51. Drought stress reduces plant height, root length, leaf area, plant biomass and the area of root aerenchyma. Proline leaf content increased significantly at a PEG concentration of 30%. Mutant rice strain 51 showed a tolerant response to drought stress with the significant increased of proline, the increased of root stele diameter and the constant number of metaxylem.

Overexpression of BplERD15 Enhances Drought Tolerance in Betula platyphylla Suk.

“…Drought stress affects phenotypical traits such as plant height, root length, leaf area, plant biomass, and root stomata area [40]. In addition, drought stress can result in considerable structural alterations in mitochondria, chloroplast, and vacuole [41].…”

Growth and leaf anatomy of rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) IRR 400 series toward drought stress

“…The growth and anatomical leaf characters that are affected by drought stress include height, stem diameter, stomata density, cuticle thickness and leaf relative water content of plant. The research results related to these characters can be seen in height and girth of rice [8], lilies [9], cane [10], soybean [11,12], tea [13], maize [14] decreased during drought stress. Stomata density of sugarcane [15], rice [16,17], and leaf relative moisture content of nyamplung and johar plants [6] and increased leaf thickness like sugarcane cuticle [18].…”

A Review on Response Mechanism of Plants to Drought Stress

“…The decrease of plant height is mainly due to decreased cell expansion, increased leaf shedding and impaired mitosis under drought conditions. Some studies have reported that plant height of lily [3], maize [4], cane [5] and rice [6] decreased significantly under drought stress. In addition to the changes in plant height, different organs of plants also differ significantly in morphology.…”

“…For morphological responses, Prunus sargentii and Larix kaempferi experienced a significant decrease in leaf size, respectively in leaf width and length under drought conditions [10]. Furthermore, Maclura pomifera [11], Oryza sativa [6], Triticum aestivum [12], Lens culinaris [13], Dracocephalum moldavica [14] all showed obvious decrease in leaf area under drought stress. However, different plants have different responses to drought stress, such as sugercane leaves showed marginal elongation under drought stress [5].…”