Drought stress is a factor that affects plant growth and development, both in terms of morphology, anatomy, and physiology. Mutant Oryza sativa L. strain 51 of Cempo Ireng cultivar as the result of gamma-ray irradiation is superior mutant black rice strain which has a faster planting period of 10-20 days than its control and shorter plant height. This study aims to determine the morphological, anatomical, and physiological responses, especially the proline content inside the leaves of mutant black rice strain 51. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatment of drought stress using PEG 6000 in Yoshida liquid media. The seedlings were planted for 21 days in untreated media, then treated for 14 days. Observation of morphological characters was carried out by measuring plant height, root length, leaf area, and plant biomass. Observations of anatomical characters were carried out by observing the cross-section of the root. Observation of physiological character was carried out by measuring leaf proline levels. The results showed that drought stress with PEG 6000 inhibited the growth and development of mutant rice strain 51. Drought stress reduces plant height, root length, leaf area, plant biomass and the area of root aerenchyma. Proline leaf content increased significantly at a PEG concentration of 30%. Mutant rice strain 51 showed a tolerant response to drought stress with the significant increased of proline, the increased of root stele diameter and the constant number of metaxylem.

Chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) is the most important vegetable cum spice grown in tropical and sub tropical regions of the world. The post-harvest handling of chilli must be done well so that the quality is maintained. One way of handling post-harvest is to use edible coating such as chitosan and gum Arabic. The research was aimed to find out the effects of chitosan and gum Arabic coating to control of respiration rate and vitamin C content of post-harvest chilli. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial consisting of two factors. The first factor consisted of various concentration of chitosan (0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) and the second factor consisted of various concentration of gum Arabic (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) with three replications for each treatment. The coated fruits were then stored at room temperature (28°C) for 15 days. The observed data included respiration rate and vitamin C content. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Varians (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% confidence level. The results showed that the application of chitosan and gum Arabic coating significantly affected the respiration rate and maintained vitamin C content.

Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been developed as a functional foodstuff due to its higher content of anthocyanins and nutrients. Black rice productivity is relatively low, while current drought stress phenomena may decline crop productivity. The breeding effort with gamma-ray irradiation is done to improve the plant’s ability to be more tolerant against drought stress and increase productivity. Some researches mentioned the use of gamma-ray radiation could initiate morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants. Nitrate reductase activity can be used as a method of crop yields estimation due to its positive correlation with crop productivity. The study aims to examine the nitrate reductase activity and growth responses of the M5 generation from Cempo Ireng Black Rice strain 13 and 46 results of 60Co gamma-ray irradiation compared to black rice without radiation on drought stress variation. The research was conducted with a completely random design factorial. Drought has become a factor I with 3 levels of spacious capacity (100%, 75%, and 50%). Factor II is the black rice strain (13, 46, and no radiation). The observed variables are growth parameters, nitrate reductase activity, and chlorophyll content. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA continued with Duncan test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there was a variation of growth, chlorophyll content, and nitrate reductase activities from black rice crops irradiated by gamma rays, which is also showed a different response to drought stress. The black rice strain of 46 is the rice, which more resistant to drought stress evaluated from the growth parameters, the content of chlorophyll, and its nitrate reductase activity is higher than black rice without radiation.

Prunus jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz. (hill cherry) is included in the family of Rosaceae and used for ornamental plants. The dormant cherry seed has become an obstacle since it takes a prolonged time to germinate. Seed germination can be induced by the application of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and coconut water (CW) at low-temperature. This research aimed to determine the effect of GA 3 and CW combination followed by stratification in temperature 5 °C on the morphological and anatomical characters of cherry seed germination and to determine which combination is the most effective to trigger cherry seed germination. Completely randomized design (CRD) was performed on various concentrations; control GA 3 0 ppm + CW 0% (K 0 ), GA 3 750 ppm + CW 50% (K 1 ), GA 3 750 ppm + CW 75% (K 2 ), and GA 3 750 ppm + CW 100% (K 3 ). Cherry seeds were soaked in those combinations for 72 h. Then they were through 8 weeks of stratification. Germination was conducted within 30 days. The viability test showed that 100% of seeds are viable. The morphology showed an increase in seed length and endocarp cracks. Seed mass increased significantly (p < 0,05). The highest imbibition rate was 80,1% found in the K 1 group. No seeds germinated (germination percentage 0%) in all treatments. Based on the anatomy of the seeds showed an increase in cell size. This treatment was not effective in increasing the germination of cherry seeds, which were characterized by seeds that did not germinated.

Seed priming and applying organic K fertilizer can involve efforts to increase local glutinous corn Bimapulut productivity. This study aims to determine the effect of gibberellin (GA3) as seed priming and coconut coir ash fertilizer on the growth, carbohydrate accumulation, and productivity of Bimapulut corn. The research was conducted using a randomized block design. The main plot was seed priming treatment with gibberellin concentrations of 0, 150, and 300 ppm. As a subplot was the treatment of coconut coir ash fertilizer with fertilizer/soil concentration of 0.00; 0.75; 1.50; 3.00 g/kg; thus, there are 12 treatment combinations. Each treatment was done in three replications. Data were analyzed using separate plot ANOVA with treatment arranged in a factorial. If the treatment is significant, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test will be carried out. The results an interaction between GA3 and coconut coir ash fertilizer on plant height, productivity without corn husks kg/ha, and amylose content but had no significant effect on leaf number, number of cobs per plant, cob length, number of row of seeds per cob, the weight of cob with and without corn husks.