Effect of early Pliocene uplift on late Pliocene cooling in the Arctic–Atlantic gateway

Knies, Jochen; Mattingsdal, Rune; Fabian, Karl; Grøsfjeld, Kari; Baranwal, Soma; Husum, Katrine; Schepper, Stijn De; Vogt, Christoph; Andersen, Nils; Matthießen, Jens; Andreassen, Karin; Jokat, Wilfried; Nam, Seung‐Il; Gaina, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.007

Cited by 89 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…5). This timing is consistent with recent inferences on tectonic uplift events on Greenland 47 , the Barents Sea 21 The enhanced sea ice export through the (now) established deep-water AAG counterbalanced the heat transport associated with the enhanced MOC owing to the closure of the CAS. In contrast, modern sea ice limits, with the margin located above the borehole location throughout most of the year, were not reached until the INHG at ca.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The chronostratigraphic framework in Hole 910C indicates the recovery of a complete Pliocene sequence 21 with the age model revealing a consistently high sedimentation rate (6-16 cm per kyr) 22 . The age model is based on new paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic data of Hole 910C and nearby Hole 911A (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…37). At this time, the Arctic Ocean was partly isolated, with restricted AAG through-flow 21 , and the Bering Strait still in the initial opening phase [38][39][40][41] . The prevalence of an estuarine circulation in the Arctic Ocean 42,43 , together with a high continental mean annual temperature (MAT) would have restricted the occurrence of sea ice in the Arctic interior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of an estuarine circulation in the Arctic Ocean 42,43 , together with a high continental mean annual temperature (MAT) would have restricted the occurrence of sea ice in the Arctic interior. As such, the marginal seas (including the study location here) would have been ice-free or covered by first-year winter sea ice only ( late Miocene-early Pliocene, including mountainous uplift 44 and open/closing gateways (AAG, Bering Strait, Central American Seaways (CAS)) 21,45,46 , triggered the expansion of the Arctic sea ice coverage, reaching the modern summer limit (Fig. 1) for the first time at ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2014

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“…further inland (Moen, 1999). During the Piazencian the Scandinavian mountains had already been uplifted; they were, however, lower than at present (Anell et al, 2009;Knies et al, 2014). Anell et al (2009) report uplift of ∼ 1 km in northern Norway and 1-1.5 km in the southern Scandinavian mountains during the Neogene.…”

Section: Orographymentioning

confidence: 73%

Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

et al. 2016

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Abstract.Little is known about the terrestrial response of high-latitude Scandinavian vegetation to the warmerthan-present climate of the late Pliocene (Piacenzian, 3.60-2.58 Ma). In order to assess Piacenzian terrestrial climate variability, we present the first high-resolution reconstruction of vegetation and climate change in northern Norway between 3.6 and 3.14 Ma. The reconstructions are derived from pollen assemblages in the marine sediments of ODP Hole 642B, Norwegian Sea (67 • N). The palynological assemblages provide a unique record of latitudinal and altitudinal shifting of the forest boundaries, with vegetation alternating between cool temperate forest during warmerthan-present intervals and boreal forest similar to today during cooler intervals. The northern boundary of the nemoral to boreonemoral forest zone was displaced at least 4-8 • further north, and warmest-month temperatures were 6-14.5 • C higher than at present during warm phases. Warm climatic conditions persisted during the earliest Piacenzian (ca. 3.6-3.47 Ma) with diverse cool temperate nemoral to boreonemoral forests growing in the lowlands of the Scandinavian mountains. A distinct cooling event at ca. 3.47 Ma resulted in a southward shift of vegetation zones, leading to the predominance of boreal forest and the development of open, low alpine environments. The cooling culminated around 3.3 Ma, coinciding with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2. Warmer climate conditions returned after ca. 3.29 Ma, with higher climate variability indicated by the repeated expansion of forests and peatlands during warmer and cooler periods, respectively. Climate progressively cooled after 3.18 Ma, resembling climatic conditions during MIS M2. A high variability of Norwegian vegetation and climate changes during the Piacenzian is superimposed on a long-term cooling trend. This cooling was accompanied by an expansion of Sphagnum peatlands that potentially contributed to the decline in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations at the end of the Piacenzian warm period and facilitated ice growth through positive vegetation-snow albedo feedbacks. Correlations with other Northern Hemisphere vegetation records suggest hemisphere-wide effects of climate cooling.

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Role of tectonic stress in seepage evolution along the gas hydrate‐charged Vestnesa Ridge, Fram Strait

Plaza‐Faverola

Bünz

Johnson

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

104

214

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Methane expulsion from the world ocean floor is a broadly observed phenomenon known to be episodic. Yet the processes that modulate seepage remain elusive. In the Arctic offshore west Svalbard, for instance, seepage at 200-400 m water depth may be explained by ocean temperature-controlled gas hydrate instabilities at the shelf break, but additional processes are required to explain seepage in permanently cold waters at depths >1000 m. We discuss the influence of tectonic stress on seepage evolution along the~100 km long hydrate-bearing Vestnesa Ridge in Fram Strait. High-resolution P-Cable 3-D seismic data revealed fine-scale (>10 m width) near-vertical faults and fractures controlling seepage distribution. Gas chimneys record multiple seepage events coinciding with glacial intensification and active faulting. The faults document the influence of nearby tectonic stress fields in seepage evolution along this deepwater gas hydrate system for at least the last~2.7 Ma.

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Effect of early Pliocene uplift on late Pliocene cooling in the Arctic–Atlantic gateway

Cited by 89 publications

References 87 publications

The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

Role of tectonic stress in seepage evolution along the gas hydrate‐charged Vestnesa Ridge, Fram Strait

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