Effect of earthquake ground motions on soil liquefaction

Unjoh, Shigeki; Kaneko, Masahiro; Kataoka, Shojiro; Nagaya, Kazuhiro; Matsuoka, Kazunari

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2012.11.006

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…No sand boils were observed. As described by Unjoh et al (2012), the location of the levee array was affected by the post-event tsunami, which produced an inundation depth of 1 m on the landside of the levee where the toe instrument is located (Figure 3b). As a result, it is not clear if liquefaction manifestation may have occurred near the levee toe; any such evidence was lost as a result of the tsunami.…”

Section: Sample Case Historymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Figure 7 shows processed acceleration time series along with the pore water pressure time series recorded at the site during the M 9.1 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake. The piezometer installed at this site has a maximum measurable value of 101.3 kPa, or 1 atm (Unjoh et al, 2012). As a result, the pore water pressure readings temporarily plateau when this level is reached.…”

Section: Sample Case Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Database on seismic response of instrumented flood control levees

et al. 2020

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We present a database documenting the seismic response of seven instrumented flood control levee segments in Japan. The database includes (1) maps and cross-sections showing levee geometry and instrument layouts; (2) ground motion time series, and (where available) piezometric recordings; (3) reported field performance from post-earthquake reconnaissance (i.e. permanent displacements, other evidence of ground failure); and (4) geotechnical data, including geologic cross-sections, stratigraphy, penetration resistance, and shear wave velocity ( VS) profiles. The data are complete with respect to these attributes for three sites, with geotechnical data and field performance data missing for two and four sites, respectively. The database contains 150 recordings from 25 events and can be accessed through DOI: 10.21222/C2TC95. Ground motions were processed using standard procedures for Next Generation Attenuation projects. We present example data for a segment damaged by the M9.1 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, which includes ground motion and pore water pressure measurements.

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Section: Sample Case Historymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Sample Case Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Database on seismic response of instrumented flood control levees

et al. 2020

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“…− roseLDH, and sieved Cl − roseLDH were determined to be 2.1 × 10 −4 , 1.9 × 10 −4 , and 2.8 × 10 −4 cm s −1 , respectively, while the value for the CO 3 2− hexaLDH was found to be 3.2 × 10 −5 , which corresponds to the value for fine-grained silt. 41 These differences in the permeability coefficient may have been caused by factors such as variations in particle size distribution, especially in the case of large particle sizes and a 3D morphology. Detailed explanation on the effect of size distribution is given as follows: when mixing large and small particles, the small particles will fill the gaps between the large particles so that the spatial ratio decreases and a dense column is obtained.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rosette-like Layered Double Hydroxides: Adsorbent Materials for the Removal of Anionic Pollutants from Water

Tamura

Kawashiri

Iyi

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Rosette-like layered double hydroxide (roseLDH) crystals with interlayer CO 3 2− anions were synthesized by the reaction of Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , Al(NO 3 ) 3 , and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) at 140 °C over 4 days. Crystals as large as 20 μm were produced when using a specific range of HMT concentrations. The substitution of CO 3 2− interlayer ions with ClO 4 − or Cl − anions was achieved by the addition of perchloric acid or hydrochloric acid, respectively, to dispersion of material in methanol. The products were denoted as CO 3 2− roseLDH, ClO 4 − roseLDH, and Cl − roseLDH, respectively. These LDHs were characterized using X-ray diffraction under controlled relative humidity, as well as by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption experiment with anions such as phosphate (HPO 4 2− ) and nitrate (NO 3 −) was conducted by using ClO 4 − roseLDH and Cl − roseLDH. The results indicate that both anions were adsorbed through an ion-exchange mechanism. The maximum HPO 4 2− adsorption capacity at equilibrium on ClO 4 − roseLDH was 1.6 mmol g −1 (49.6 mg P g −1 ), which corresponds to approximately 75% of the total positive layer charge. Cl − roseLDH showed a similar adsorption capability. Commercially available platelike LDH particles were essentially impermeable to water flow due to clogging, while the roseLDH crystals showed excellent permeability, an order of magnitude higher than that exhibited by the platelike LDH synthesized using a homogeneous precipitation method with different growth conditions. Anion adsorption during batch and flow-through test with the ClO 4 − roseLDH (mean particle diameter ∼ 38 μm) in a packed bed showed good uptake of HPO 4 2− and NO 3 − from aqueous solutions. These results demonstrate the potential of roseLDH materials to serve as a column filler adsorbent of the hazardous anions.

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“…Liquefaction phenomenon is considered as one of the most devastating and complex behaviours that affect the soil due to earthquake loading. It was observed that geotechnical structures, such as river dikes, highway embankments, and earth dams, founded on saturated loose sandy ground have been frequently damaged during past major earthquakes (Matsuo 1996;Ozutsumi et al 2002;Unjoh et al 2012;Okamura et al 2013). According to the state of the art in the assessment of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction performed by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2016), it is necessary to refine, develop, and implement performance-based approaches to evaluating liquefaction, including triggering, the geotechnical consequence of triggering, structural damage, and economic loss models to facilitate performance-based evaluation and design.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vulnerability Assessment for Earthquake Liquefaction–Induced Settlements of an Embankment Using Gaussian Processes

López-Caballero

Khalil

2018

ASCE-ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Eng. Syst., Part A: Civ. Eng.

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The major cause of earthquake damage to an embankment is the liquefaction of the soil foundation that induces ground level deformations. The aim of this paper is to assess numerically the effect of the liquefaction-induced settlement of the soil foundation on an levee due to real earthquakes. The seismic vulnerability is evaluated in terms of analytical fragility curves constructed on the basis of non-linear dynamic Finite Elements (FE) analysis.However, FE analysis can be expensive due to very large number of simulations needed for an accurate assessment of the system failure behaviour. This problem is addressed by building a Gaussian Process (GP) emulator to represent the output of the expensive FE model. A comparison with the FE reference results suggests that the proposed GP model works well and can be successfully used as a predictive tool to compute the induced damage on the levee. Findings also illustrate clearly the importance and the advantages of an adequate definition of the input parameters to built the GP model.

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Effect of earthquake ground motions on soil liquefaction

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Database on seismic response of instrumented flood control levees

Database on seismic response of instrumented flood control levees

Rosette-like Layered Double Hydroxides: Adsorbent Materials for the Removal of Anionic Pollutants from Water

Vulnerability Assessment for Earthquake Liquefaction–Induced Settlements of an Embankment Using Gaussian Processes

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