Effect of Echinid Egg-Waters on the Surface Potential Difference of the Sperm.

Mudd, Emily B. H.; Mudd, Stuart; Keltch, A. K.

doi:10.3181/00379727-26-4317

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Although there has been no report of the zeta potential of human sperm, several measurements have been made on the sperm of sand dollars, starfish, and sea urchins, giving values of -21.6 mV, -22.3 mV and -26.5 mV respectively (Mudd et al, 1929). In addition, there have been several measurements in other types of mammalian cells, for example -14.2 mV for guinea pig red blood cells, -16.8 mV for human red blood cells, -17.9 mV for mouse red blood cells (Brinton & Lauffer, 1959).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts at sperm separation by means of galvanization have been made by various workers using different animals (Mudd et al, 1929;Gordon, 1957;Bangham, 1961;Nevo et al, 1961;Shishito et al, 1974;Hafs & Boyd, 1974;Kaneko et al, 1983Kaneko et al, , 1984Engelmann et al, 1988). The results obtained, however, show disagreement even when investigators have used the same method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zeta potential of human X‐ and Y‐bearing sperm

1991

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The zeta potential of human X- and Y-bearing sperm was measured by two different methods: (i) using an electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometer, and (ii) using a laser-rotating prism. The X- and Y-bearing sperm were separated by free-flow electrophoresis, and their purities were determined by staining for the F-body using quinacrine mustard. The zeta potential of the sperm in the fraction containing more than 80% Y-bearing sperm was approximately -16 mV, whereas that of sperm in the fraction containing more than 95% X-bearing sperm was approximately -20 mV. In other words, the net negative-charge on the cell surface of human X-bearing sperm is higher than that of Y-bearing sperm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeta potential of human X‐ and Y‐bearing sperm

1991

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“…It is then interesting to ask whether the sperm acrosomal process membrane, which fuses with the egg membrane, contains a positively charged protein . Whole sea urchin sperm have a net negative surface charge (22), and a study of the distribution of the surface charge between the acrosomal process and other regions of the starfish sperm did not show any regional specializations (26) . A biochemical analysis, however, of acrosomal membrane proteins and their charge remains to be made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the mechanism of the electrical polyspermy block using voltage clamp during cross-species fertilization.

Jaffe¹,

Gould-Somero²,

Holland³

1982

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Prevention of polyspermic fertilization in sea urchins (Jaffe, 1976, Nature (Loud.) . 261 :68-71) and the worm Urechis (Gould-Somero, Jaffe, and Holland, 1979, /. Cell Biol. 82 :426-440) involves an electrically mediated fast block. The fertilizing sperm causes a positive shift in the egg's membrane potential; this fertilization potential prevents additional sperm entries .Since in Urechis the egg membrane potential required to prevent fertilization is more positive than in the sea urchin, we tested whether in a cross-species fertilization the blocking voltage is determined by the species of the egg or by the species of the sperm. With some sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) females, ?90% of the eggs were fertilized by Urechis sperm ; a fertilization potential occurred, the fertilization envelope elevated, and sometimes decondensing Urechis sperm nuclei were found in the egg cytoplasm. After insemination of sea urchin eggs with Urechis sperm during voltage clamp at +50 mV, fertilization (fertilization envelope elevation) occurred in only nine of twenty trials, whereas, at +20 mV, fertilization occurred in ten of ten trials . With the same concentration of sea urchin sperm, fertilization of sea urchin eggs occurred, in only two of ten trials at +20 mV . These results indicate that the blocking voltage for fertilization in these crosses is determined by the sperm species, consistent with the hypothesis that the fertilization potential may block the translocation within the egg membrane of a positively charged component of the sperm .

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“…Preconception methods were ostensibly based on supposedly characteristic (but mostly theoretical) features of X-and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa. For example, putative differences in surface charge(s) sparked an interest in electrophoretic sperm separation of X-and Y spermatozoa but this declined after the initial claims could not be independently reproduced (5). Claims that sperm H-Y antigen expression varies as a function of their X-and Y-chromosome status in some species (6,7), were not reproducible for human spermatozoa (8).…”

Section: Origins Of Sex Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Sills

Palermo

2002

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics

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The promise of medical innovation has long evoked social commentary, particularly when personal reproductive autonomy may be involved. Development of the oral contraceptive, effective and safe surgical sterilization, and later IVF and ICSI are among the revolutionary developments where the initial reactions were dubious but were accorded mainstream status with sufficient clinical experience. In each instance, debate about the moral and social implications of these treatments accompanied their introduction into the medical marketplace. This pattern appears to be repeating itself in connection with the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for elective sex selection of human embryos. As with prior challenges in reproductive medicine, the development of meaningful "guidelines" for this latest controversy has proven to be a contentious task. Indeed, the progression of ethics committee reports from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine seems to echo the ambivalence within society at large regarding this issue. In this report, we chronicle sex selection claims based on sperm sorting, and describe how flow cytometry and especially PGD have facilitated this selection at the gamete and embryo stage, respectively. In doing so, we also explore market forces and practitioner considerations associated with the application of PGD for this; related ethical issues with particular emphasis on the progeny derived from such treatment are also reviewed.

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Effect of Echinid Egg-Waters on the Surface Potential Difference of the Sperm.

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Zeta potential of human X‐ and Y‐bearing sperm

Zeta potential of human X‐ and Y‐bearing sperm

Studies of the mechanism of the electrical polyspermy block using voltage clamp during cross-species fertilization.

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