Effect of ELF-EMF on antioxidant status and micronuclei in K562 cells and normal lymphocytes

Abstract

The effect of ELF-EMF on DNA through changes in antioxidative enzyme activities has not been sufficiently explored yet. The aim of this study was to determine ELF-EMF effect on antioxidative enzymes in cancer cell line and genotoxic potential on normal human lymphocytes. K562 cells were exposed to 50 Hz ELF-EMF (40 μT, 100 μT; 3 h, 24 h) and spectrophotometric determination of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities was conducted. Genotoxicity of ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 100 μT) was investigated by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in a normal human lymphocytes (exposure 24 h and 48 h). Results demonstrated that ELF-EMF did not alter the process of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity. Catalase activity was increased only after application of 100 μT EMF for 24 h. Glutathione-S-transferase and -reductase activities were increased. Treatment with 100 μT ELF-EMF (24 h, 48 h) significantly reduced micronuclei incidence, while cell proliferation was significantly increased. Results indicate that 50 Hz ELF-EMF (40 μT, 100 μT) are week stressors which alone cannot generate enough ROS to induce process of lipid peroxidation in cancer cell line but strong enough to induce response of antioxidative system. Furthermore, 100 μT ELF-EMF in human lymphocytes did not exhibit genotoxic potential during 24 h and 48 h treatment, but stimulated cell proliferation.

Differential biological responses of adherent and non-adherent (cancer and non-cancerous) cells to variable extremely low frequency magnetic fields

“…Moreover, Srdjenovic et al 75 and Khavari et al 76 revealed ELF-EMF exposure in K562 cells (50 Hz, 100 μT, 24 h and 48 h) and DU145 cells (50 Hz, 0.6 mT, 24 h and 48 h) significantly increased cell proliferation. However, Yoshizawa et al showed that exposure of K562 cells to ELF-EMF at 500, 100, 20, and 2 µT intensity and 50 Hz, 60 Hz frequency during 24 h and 48 h does not affect cell proliferation 77 .…”

“…These results accompanied by many others indicate that comprehensive studies to investigate wide range effects of different parameters of magnetic field-cells interaction are necessary 11,74 . www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Moreover, Srdjenovic et al 75 and Khavari et al 76 revealed ELF-EMF exposure in K562 cells (50 Hz, 100 μT, 24 h and 48 h) and DU145 cells (50 Hz, 0.6 mT, 24 h and 48 h) significantly increased cell proliferation. However, Yoshizawa et al showed that exposure of K562 cells to ELF-EMF at 500, 100, 20, and 2 µT intensity and 50 Hz, 60 Hz frequency during 24 h and 48 h does not affect cell proliferation 77 .…”

Amelioration of Radiation-Induced Cell Death in Neuro2a Cells by Neutralizing Oxidative Stress and Reducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction Using N-Acetyl-L-Tryptophan

“…A reaction mixture of catalase assay was prepared with 50 mM phosphate buffer (750 μ l), 15 mM H 2 O 2 (250 μ l), and 20 μ l cell Lysate. The absorbance of the reaction mixture was recorded at 240 nm for 1 min at 15 seconds intervals in both blank and test samples [ 30 , 31 ].…”

“…The reaction mixture containing 30 μ l cell Lysate, tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.2), 2 mM pyrogallol, 30 mM EDTA (250 μ l). The absorbance of the reaction mixture was recorded at 420 nm for 3 min at 30 seconds intervals in both blank and test samples [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Cellular stress response to extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF): An explanation for controversial effects of ELF‐EMF on apoptosis

“… 107 Furthermore, ELF‐EMF can enhance activity of both glutathione‐S‐transferase and ‐reductase enzymes in malignant cells. 108 Also, based on Cichon et al, 109 ELF‐EMF exposure can upregulate expression of different antioxidant target genes including CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPx1 and GPx4. In addition, multiple pathways involved in orchestrating cellular stress response of cells to stressful condition can also become activated following ELF‐EMF exposure.…”