Effect of energy and protein intake and exercise intensity on the thermic effect of food

Abstract

The effect of energy content and protein concentration of a test meal and exercise intensity on the thermic effect of food (TEF) was examined. TEF was measured in eight men in response to meals representing 15, 30, and 45% of daily energy requirement; protein concentrations of 15, 30, and 45% of energy of the meal, and exercise intensities of 35, 50, and 65% of maximum capacity. In response to energy content of the meals, total 3-h TEF (mean +/- SEM) 4.0 +/- 0.83, 9.7 +/- 1.15, and 10.8 +/- 0.79 1 O2 for the 15, 30, and 45% meals, respectively, indicating a positive linear and a negative quadratic relationship. Although the 15% protein meal resulted in the smallest TEF, 150-270 min after the meal, total 5-h increase in oxygen consumption did not differ among the three protein meals. Exercise intensity did not alter TEF. Energy content of the test meal had the greatest effect on TEF.

Added thermogenic and satiety effects of a mixed nutrient vs a sugar-only beverage

“…Although experimental data are available to support both of these mechanisms, 6,7 there exists at present no study in which the two have been quantitatively evaluated following a single meal. Moreover, most of the earlier studies were not of sufficient duration to capture the entire meal response, and the quantitative energy retention difference between meals varying in macronutrient content is thus largely unknown.…”

Diet induced thermogenesis measured over 24h in a respiration chamber: effect of diet composition

“…Indeed, studies using diets with varying protein compositions, especially as liquid andaor single nutrient 14 ± 16 preparations have, on the whole, been more successful in establishing a difference in DIT between diets. In studies where food was given as mixed meals, it is most often, 7,17,18 although not always 1,19 , the carbohydrateafat ratio that has been manipulated and results have been inconclusive. Also the majority of studies has been of short duration (60 ± 360 min) and this may not be enough time to fully measure DIT.…”

Expenditure and storage of energy in man.

“…They also found the reverse effect, a potentiation ofthe thermic effect ofa meal by previous exercise. Zahorska-Markiewicz (40) reported findings similar to those of Segal and Gutin, but recent studies by Belko et al (41) failed to confirm them.…”