Effect of erosive parameters on solid particle erosion of cotton fiber–based nonwoven mat/wooden dust reinforced hybrid polymer composites

Abstract

Abrasive particle-induced erosive wear of polymeric engineering components is a major industrial issue. The research of solid particle erosion characteristics of polymeric composites becomes essential due to operational needs in dusty conditions. Nonwovens are now employed in industrial applications for polymeric composites. Nonwoven products are made from a wide range of raw materials, ranging from synthetic to natural fibers. This work finding the effect of nonwoven cotton fiber (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) loading on the physical, mechanical, and erosion wear of fixed wooden dust (4 wt.%) filled hybrid epoxy composites. Experimental results reveal improved impact strength, hardness, and compressive and tensile strength with an increment of fiber loading from 5–15 wt.%. The density of the composites was found to increase, whereas void content decreases with an increase in cotton fiber. The erosion wear of the composites has been studied using an L27 orthogonal array to assess the effects of various parameters such as fiber loading, erodent size, impact velocity, impingement angle, and stand-off distance. The erosion wear increased with impact velocity and remained highest for 60° of impingement angle. The most significant parameter affecting the erosion wear was determined as impact velocity followed by impingement angle. Surface morphologies of eroded samples reveal the fiber pull-out, and fiber breakage was the prominent phenomenon for the erosion wear of the evaluated composites.

Physical, mechanical, and sliding wear behavior of epoxy composites filled with surface modified walnut shell particulate

“…Walnut shells are collected, crushed, and sieved to obtain 50-micron size particles. The density of the walnut shell is measured to be 1.3 g/cm 3 and the same is used in the present investigation. Flakes of NaOH used for modifying the surface of WSP are supplied by Rankem Corporation Limited, New Delhi, India.…”

“…The density of the composites is measured as per ASTM D 792-91 standard. For performing the test, distilled water has a density of 1 g/cm 3 and is used as a medium. For calculating the percentage of voids generated during the process of fabrication, the theoretical density is required and the same is calculated with the rule of the mixture model.…”

“…From the table, it is seen that the measured density decreases with increases in the WSP content. The density of epoxy is 1.191 g/cm 3 . As the WSP content increases to 20 wt%, the density of the composite reached 1.178 g/cm 3 which is a decrement of 1.09% F I G U R E 2 Three layers neural network against the density of neat epoxy.…”

“…The density of epoxy is 1.191 g/cm 3 . As the WSP content increases to 20 wt%, the density of the composite reached 1.178 g/cm 3 which is a decrement of 1.09% F I G U R E 2 Three layers neural network against the density of neat epoxy. Such behavior is observed mainly because of the uniform dispersion of treated WSP in the epoxy matrix.…”

“…[1] As a result, bio-composites have received great publicity as one of the most promising approaches to developing innovative materials. [2][3][4] Presently, nutshells in the form of particles as a filler material in a polymeric resin are of interest among the scientific community. Almond shell, [5,6] argan nutshell, [7,8] cashew nutshell, [9,10] coconut shell, [11,12] Doum palm shell, [13,14] hazelnut shell, [15,16] palm kernel shell, [17,18] peanut shell, [19,20] pistachio shell [21,22] and walnut shell [1,23] are the nutshells explored by the scientific community as a filler material for different applications.…”