Effect of estradiol or calcium treatment on mammotrophs of female middle-aged rats

Macedonian Veterinary Review

2018

Phytoestrogens are a diverse group of steroid–like compounds that occur naturally in many plants. There are various types of phytoestrogens, including the best-researched isoflavones which are commonly found in soy. The consumption of soy products has many health benefits, including protection against breast cancer, prostate cancer, menopausal symptoms, heart disease and osteoporosis. In contrast, use of hormonally active compounds-isoflavones may unfortunately interfere with the endocrine system and can have far-reaching consequences. Genistein, the most abundant soy-bean derived isoflavone, possesses a ring system similar to estrogens and acts through an estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanism, by increasing or decreasing the transcription of ER-dependent target genes. Also, genistein can act on cells through ER non-dependent mechanisms, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The neuroendocrine systems are responsible for the control of homeostatic processes in the body, including reproduction, growth, metabolism and energy balance, and stress responsiveness. It is well known, that estrogen is important for development of the neuroendocrine system in both sexes. At the pituitary level, estrogen is known to affect the regulation of all hormone producing (HP) cells, by direct and/or indirect mechanisms. Due to structural and functional resemblance to estrogen, the question may arise of whether and how genistein affects the morphofunctional features of pituitary HP cells. This review deals with the consequences of genistein’s effects on morphological, stereological and hormonal features of HP cells within the anterior pituitary gland. Transparency on this issue is needed because isoflavones are presently highly consumed. Inter alia, genistein as well as other isoflavones, are present in various dietary supplements and generally promoted as an accepted alternative to estrogen replacement therapy. Potential isoflavone biomedical exploitation is not only limited to estrogen replacement therapy, so it should be treated in a wider context of different ageing symptoms remediation.

Section: Does Genistein Affect Morphofunctional Parameters Of Pituitamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Morpho-Functional Parameters of Rat Pituitary Hormone Producing Cells After Genistein Treatment

Trifunović

Macedonian Veterinary Review

2018

Estradiol and GH cells: Immunohistomorphometric study in an animal model of andropause

Trifunović

Filipović

et al. 2012

ARCH BIOL SCI BELGRA

Andropause, the culminating phase of ageing in males is characterized by the decline of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis that is responsible for somatic development. Estrogens on the other hand, assume a relevant somatic role, as well as the one in the pituitary. They are particularly interesting because of their therapeutic uses in certain common ageing-associated diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of subcutaneous treatment with estradiol, dipropionate on the immunohistomorphometric features of GH cells, in an animal model of the andropause. Sixteen-month-old Wistar rats were divided into sham-operated (SO), orchidectomized (Orx) and estradiol dipropionate-treated orchidectomized (Orx+Edp) groups. Estradiol dipropionate (0.625 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously for three weeks while the SO and Orx groups received the vehicle alone. GH cells were identified by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical procedure. In the Orx+Edp group, GH cell volumes as well as the relative volume densities were significantly (p<0.05) decreased, by 27.4% and by 61.1%, respectively, in comparison with the same parameters of SO animals. Compared to the Orx animals, the cell volumes and relative volume densities of GH cells in Orx+Edp group were also significantly (p<0.05) decreased, by 23.2% and by 64.1%, respectively. It can be concluded that chronic estradiol dipropionate application in an animal in the andropause results in the suppression of immunohistochemical and morphometric parameters of pituitary GH cells

Pituitary Hormone-producing Cells After Estradiol Application in Rat Models of Menopause

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Ajdžanović

2014

Female ageing represents the biological process of structural and functional changes in endocrine cells and tissues, as well as in pituitary hormone-producing cells. In addition to the hypothalamic releasing hormones, estradiol plays a signifi cant role in the regulation SAŽETAK Starenje kod ženskog pola je biološki proces tokom kojeg dolazi do promena u strukturi i funkciji endokrinih ćelija i tkiva, a posebnu osetljivost ispoljavaju hipofi zne hormonprodukujuće ć elije. Pored oslobađajućih hormona hipotalamusa i estradiol ostvaruje zapaženu ulogu u regulaciji sinteze i sekrecije hipofi znih hormona, a još uvek se koristi u terapiji menopauzalnih tegoba. Efekti starenja ili ovarijektomije, kao i primene sintetskog estradiola pod tim okolnostima su ispitivani na hormon-produkujućim ć elijama hipofi ze ženki pacova srednjeg doba (animalni modeli menopauze) i to: gonadotropima (FSH i LH), tirotropima (TSH), somatotropima (GH), mamotropima (PRL) i kortikotropima (ACTH