Effect of ethanol addition on the laminar burning velocities of gasoline surrogates

Shankar, Varun; Fang, Xiaohang; Hinton, N.; Davy, Martin; Leach, Felix

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125186

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Specif-ically, during the low temperature heat release, the reactivity of ethanol is suppressed but the reactivity of toluene is significantly enhanced [39]. Similar observations have been made when studying the laminar burning velocity of equal-volume binary and ternary mixtures of iso-octane, ethanol, and toluene at 380 K and 450 K [40,41,42]. As Sarathy et al found, in this region, ethanol favours chain termination pathways leading to acetaldehyde [7].…”

Section: Binary Mixturessupporting

confidence: 61%

Effects of oxygenate and aromatic content on engine-out aldehyde emissions from pure, binary, and ternary mixtures of ethanol, toluene, and iso-octane

Shankar,

Leach

2023

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Sustainable fuel components, such as ethanol, can be blended into gasoline to help reduce fossil fuel consumption. Aldehydes are both observed emissions and major intermediates in the oxidation of gasoline/ethanol fuel mixtures and are solely attributed to the fuel’s alcohol content.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study aims to evaluate the direct impact of toluene, iso-octane, and ethanol on engine-out formaldehyde and acetalde hyde emissions. A single-cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine was run at low speed and load conditions with varying equivalence ratios. The emissions are measured using a FTIR.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The aldehyde emissions from pure ethanol are ten- and five- times greater than pure toluene and iso-octane, respectively. Greater formaldehyde than acetaldehyde is found for iso-octane and toluene and vice versa for ethanol. The addition of 25 %vol of toluene to ethanol halves the average aldehyde emissions due to toluene suppressing effects. In the ternary mixtures with fixed ethanol content, the higher toluene concentration mixture led to lower average aldehyde emissions.</div></div>

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Section: Binary Mixturessupporting

confidence: 61%

Effects of oxygenate and aromatic content on engine-out aldehyde emissions from pure, binary, and ternary mixtures of ethanol, toluene, and iso-octane

Shankar,

Leach

2023

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Chemical kinetic LBV predictions using the Li et al mechanism are also presented. The effectiveness of these predictions for ethanol, iso-octane, and n-heptane are discussed in previous publications [16,32]. Whilst Li et al's mechanism is able to capture the trend of toluene's LBV, the predictions are consistently higher than the experimental data for both temperatures and across the pressure range.…”

Section: Pure Componentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Whilst the results of iso-octane, ethanol, and n-heptane have been presented previously by the group [16,19,32], the results of Burning velocity [cm/s] Davis and Law [34] (1 bar) Hirasawa [26] (1 bar) Kumar [33] (1 bar) Ji [35] (1 bar) Sileghem [36] (1 bar) Dirrenberger [37] toluene are presented for the first time in open literature. Figure 3, shows the available literature data of toluene at atmospheric pressure with varying temperatures compared with both the flame front imaging (circle marks) and pressure rise method (correlation lines) experiments.…”

Section: Pure Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol Addition on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Gasoline Surrogates With Toluene

Shankar

Fang

Hinton

et al. 2022

ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference

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Laminar burning velocity (LBV) is a crucial parameter in many practical combustion simulations, and the acquisition of LBVs is a critical step for evaluating potential alternative fuels and/or suitable surrogates. Ethanol is regarded as one of the most promising alternative fuels, particularly for spark ignition engines, as it may be produced from renewable biomass. While there exists data showing the pressure dependence on ethanol’s LBV compared to iso-octane and n-heptane (primary reference fuels (PRFs)), the relative magnitude of the pressure dependence of LBV between ethanol and toluene has not been established. The inclusion of toluene is important because commercial gasoline has significant levels of aromatics. In this work, common gasoline surrogate components of iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene, and ethanol were studied as pure compounds and in equal volume binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures. Experiments are conducted in a spherical combustion bomb at elevated temperatures (380 K and 450 K) and pressures (1 to 4 bar). Under these conditions, ethanol and n-heptane present faster LBVs than iso-octane and toluene, particularly at 450 K. Ethanol and iso-octane present strong pressure dependence, with this effect accentuated at higher temperature conditions. As equal volume mixtures were studied, the effect of these distinct behaviours was examined in comparison to chemical kinetic predictions and widely used mixing rules.

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Combustion performance of biofuels

Chong,

2025

Advanced Transport Biofuels

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Effect of ethanol addition on the laminar burning velocities of gasoline surrogates

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of oxygenate and aromatic content on engine-out aldehyde emissions from pure, binary, and ternary mixtures of ethanol, toluene, and iso-octane

Effects of oxygenate and aromatic content on engine-out aldehyde emissions from pure, binary, and ternary mixtures of ethanol, toluene, and iso-octane

Effect of Ethanol Addition on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Gasoline Surrogates With Toluene

Combustion performance of biofuels

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