Effect of ethanol and some alcoholic beverages on gastric emptying in humans

Franke, Andreas; Teyssen, S.; Harder, Hermann; Singer, Manfred V.

doi:10.1080/00365520410005009

Cited by 63 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…In a previous study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of ethanol on the spontaneous contractions and ACh-induced contractions in rabbit duodenum, which are reduced by Ca 2+ -activated K + channel antagonists (13). Ethanol also provokes an inhibition of gastric emptying and small intestinal transit that is mediated by type A CCK receptors or capsaicin-sensitive neural pathways (14)(15)(16). However, ethanol produces contractile actions in guinea pig gastric smooth muscle, which required extracellular calcium and are blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trolox reduces the effect of ethanol on acetylcholine-induced contractions and oxidative stress in the isolated rabbit duodenum

Gonzálo

Grasa

et al. 2011

Rev. esp. enferm. dig.

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Trolox is a hydrophilic analogue of vitamin E and a free radical scavenger. Ethanol diminishes the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions in rabbit duodenum. The aim of this work was to study the effect of trolox on the alterations induced by ethanol on contractility and lipid peroxidation in the duodenum. The duodenal contractility studies in vitro were carried out in an organ bath and the levels of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA+4-HAD) were measured by spectrophotometry. Trolox increased the reduction induced by ethanol on the amplitude of spontaneous contractions in longitudinal muscle but not in circular muscle. Trolox 4 mM decreased the effects of ethanol on ACh-induced contractions and on MDA+4-HDA concentrations. We conclude that trolox might prevent oxidative stress induced by ethanol in the duodenum. INTRODUCTIONAlcohol is a hydroxyl compound that can be present in the diet. The amount and type of alcohol consumed and the frequency of its consumption can vary tremendously and can have divergent effects on an organism (1,2). The deleterious effects of alcohol, at least partly, involve alcohol induced oxidative injury that has been documented by measurement of oxidant radicals (3-5). The organism has developed a complex defense system which is composed of free radical scavenger molecules such as vitamins and antioxidative enzymes.Ethanol induces inhibition of esophageal, gastric and intestinal contractility (6-9). The inhibition produced by ethanol is attributed to an inhibition of Ca 2+ influx in the canine jejunal circular muscle and in human and cat esophageal contractility (7,8). Alcohol also inhibits the motility of the sphincter of Oddi in vitro (10,11) and the colon (12). In a previous study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of ethanol on the spontaneous contractions and ACh-induced contractions in rabbit duodenum, which are reduced by Ca 2+ -activated K + channel antagonists (13). Ethanol also provokes an inhibition of gastric emptying and small intestinal transit that is mediated by type A CCK receptors or capsaicin-sensitive neural pathways (14-16). However, ethanol produces contractile actions in guinea pig gastric smooth muscle, which required extracellular calcium and are blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (17).Trolox, a phenolic antioxidant, originally designed for food preservation, has a chromane structure similar to atocopherol or vitamin E (18,19). Trolox decreases hepatocellular damage during sepsis (20) and abrogates oxidative stress during cold small bowel storage (21).Although antioxidants can attenuate alcohol-induced injury, there is no single antioxidant that protects all organs during all modes of exposure (3). There is very little documentation available on the effect of trolox on intestinal motility. In addition, alcohol induces oxidative stress and REV ESP ENFERM DIG (Madrid) Vol. 103. N.° 8, pp. 396-401, 2011 Received: 10-01-11. Accepted: 18-03-11.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trolox reduces the effect of ethanol on acetylcholine-induced contractions and oxidative stress in the isolated rabbit duodenum

Gonzálo

Grasa

et al. 2011

Rev. esp. enferm. dig.

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“…The retention time of vodka was significantly longer than that of mineral water during the follicular phase, but no significant differences between the retention times of the two drinks were observed during the luteal phase. In conclusion, the menstrual cycle influences the gastric emptying rate of alcohol.Several studies (8,9,13,15) showed that alcohol consumption delayed the gastric emptying of meals in healthy male subjects, but these studies did not examine female subjects. We (1) observed that the ingestion of 60 mL of red wine or vodka prior to a pancake meal, significantly inhibited the gastric emptying of the pancake in male subjects, but not in female subjects.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several studies (8,9,13,15) showed that alcohol consumption delayed the gastric emptying of meals in healthy male subjects, but these studies did not examine female subjects. We (1) observed that the ingestion of 60 mL of red wine or vodka prior to a pancake meal, significantly inhibited the gastric emptying of the pancake in male subjects, but not in female subjects.…”

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confidence: 99%

<b>The menstrual cycle influences the gastric emptying of </b><b>alcohol </b>

et al. 2015

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We previously reported that ingestion of 60 mL of red wine or vodka prior to the ingestion of a pancake significantly inhibited the gastric emptying of the pancake in male subjects, but not in female subjects, and that the retention times of wine and vodka were significantly longer than those of the congener of red wine and mineral water in male subjects, whereas in female subjects the retention times of these four drinks did not differ significantly from one another. We hypothesized that the menstrual cycle may influence the gastric emptying of alcohol beverages. Here, we determined and compared the retention times of vodka and water in the stomach during the luteal phase and the follicular phase. Ten female healthy volunteers were studied. They recorded their basal body temperatures every day, and participated in the following experiments: each volunteer drank mineral water or vodka containing 14% alcohol (60 mL) during the low-temperature (follicular) phase as well as during the high-temperature (luteal) phase. The retention time of vodka was significantly longer than that of mineral water during the follicular phase, but no significant differences between the retention times of the two drinks were observed during the luteal phase. In conclusion, the menstrual cycle influences the gastric emptying rate of alcohol.Several studies (8,9,13,15) showed that alcohol consumption delayed the gastric emptying of meals in healthy male subjects, but these studies did not examine female subjects. We (1) observed that the ingestion of 60 mL of red wine or vodka prior to a pancake meal, significantly inhibited the gastric emptying of the pancake in male subjects, but not in female subjects. We later determined the retention times of vodka, red wine, the congener (a non-alcoholic component) of red wine, and mineral water (all 60 mL) in the stomach, and we (24) found that the retention times of wine and vodka were significantly longer than those of the congener and mineral water in the male subjects, but the retention time of these four beverages did not differ significantly from one another in the female subjects. Regarding the reason(s) why the alcohol beverages did not have elongated retention times in the stomachs of female subjects as they did in males, we hypothesized that the menstrual cycle may influence the gastric emptying rate of alcohol beverages. Although several studies (4,6,12,14) have assessed the effect of the menstrual cycle on gastric emptying, the results are conflicting; moreover, the effects of alcohol beverages on gastric emptying were not examined in those studies. In the present study, we determined and compared the retention times of vodka and water in the stomach during the luteal phase and the follicular phase. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis human study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tokyo Kasei University. All participants provided their written informed consent.

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“…In detail, Hainrich et al (6) examined the effect of 300 mL of white wine (containing 13% alcohol) followed by 20 mL of schnapps (containing 40% alcohol) on the gastric emptying of cheese fondue, and found that drinking alcoholic beverages prolonged the gastric emptying time of the cheese fondue (6). Franke et al (2,3) determined the retention time of various alcohol beverages (500 mL beer, 125 mL whisky etc.) and the effect of alcohol beverages (300 mL) on gastric emptying of solid meals.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As the rate of gastric emptying and satiety are closely related to each other: delayed gastric emptying reduces hunger sensations (10), we thought that alcohol ingestion might have enhanced gastric emptying of the meal. In 1993, the measurement of the gastric emptying rate of solids using a carbon thirteen-labeled ( 13 C) octanoic acid breath test was carried out (5), and several studies on alcohol and gastric emptying using the 13 C breath test were reported (3,6,11). These studies showed that alcohol consumption delayed gastric emptying of meals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex difference in the effects of alcohol on gastric emptying in healthy volunteers:A study using the 13C breath test

et al. 2013

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Several studies on alcohol and gastric emptying using the 13 C breath test showed that alcohol consumption delayed gastric emptying of meals in healthy male subjects. However, they did not employ female subjects, and the retention time of alcoholic beverages in the stomach has not been examined, yet. We examined the retention time (= gastric emptying rate) of alcoholic beverages in the stomach in healthy male and female subjects. We also examined whether the congeners (nonalcoholic components) of red wine have any effect on gastric emptying. The retention time of 60 mL of red wine, vodka, congeners of red wine, or mineral water, was measured using a 13 Clabeled acetic acid breath test. In male subjects, the retention time of wine and vodka was significantly longer than that of congeners and mineral water. In female subjects, although the 13 C content in the breath was slightly but significantly decreased by wine and congeners, but not by vodka, and the parameters for gastric emptying did not differ significantly among the 4 drinks. That is, alcohol hardly influenced the retention time in female subjects. In conclusion, there are sex differences in the gastric emptying rate of alcohol.Alcohol is known to have the potential to modify food intake (18,20). Alcohol consumption prior to a meal has been reported to promote greater food intake than non-alcoholic preloads (8,19). As the rate of gastric emptying and satiety are closely related to each other: delayed gastric emptying reduces hunger sensations (10), we thought that alcohol ingestion might have enhanced gastric emptying of the meal. In 1993, the measurement of the gastric emptying rate of solids using a carbon thirteen-labeled ( 13 C) octanoic acid breath test was carried out (5), and several studies on alcohol and gastric emptying using the 13 C breath test were reported (3, 6, 11). These studies showed that alcohol consumption delayed gastric emptying of meals. In detail, Hainrich et al. (6) examined the effect of 300 mL of white wine (containing 13% alcohol) followed by 20 mL of schnapps (containing 40% alcohol) on the gastric emptying of cheese fondue, and found that drinking alcoholic beverages prolonged the gastric emptying time of the cheese fondue (6). Franke et al. (2,3) determined the retention time of various alcohol beverages (500 mL beer, 125 mL whisky etc.) and the effect of alcohol beverages (300 mL) on gastric emptying of solid meals. On the other hand, most of the acetaldehyde generated during alcohol metabolism is eliminated by liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Although the majority of Caucasians possess the active form of ALDH2 (2*1/2*1), more than 40% of Japanese have the inactive form of ALDH2, encoded either as heterozygous ALDH2*1/2*2 or as homozygous ALDH2*2 (9). These subjects (with an inactive form of ALDH2) experience facial flushing, palpitation and nausea when drinking alcohol. Therefore,

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Effect of ethanol and some alcoholic beverages on gastric emptying in humans

Cited by 63 publications

References 27 publications

Trolox reduces the effect of ethanol on acetylcholine-induced contractions and oxidative stress in the isolated rabbit duodenum

Trolox reduces the effect of ethanol on acetylcholine-induced contractions and oxidative stress in the isolated rabbit duodenum

<b>The menstrual cycle influences the gastric emptying of </b><b>alcohol </b>

Sex difference in the effects of alcohol on gastric emptying in healthy volunteers:A study using the 13C breath test

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