Effect of exercise on development of atherosclerosis in swine

Link, R. P.; Pedersoli, W. M.; Safanie, A. H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(72)90044-5

Cited by 46 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…1), whereas only TC was increased in the males. These data are consistent with previous reports demon-strating increased TC and triglyceride in pigs (27,36,45) and suggest that the hypercholesterolemia model is useful for both males and females. The efficacy of EX is acceptable from the data shown in Table 1 based on the typical three markers of EX.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of sex, high-fat diet, and exercise training on potassium currents of swine coronary smooth muscle

Yang¹,

Jones²,

Thomas³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) control vasodilation and are potential regulatory targets. This study evaluated effects of sex differences, exercise training (EX), and high-fat diet (HF) on K(+) currents (I(K)) of coronary VSM cells. Yucatan male and female swine were assigned to either sedentary confinement (SED), 16 wk of EX, 20 wk of HF, or 20 wk of HF with 16 wk of EX (HF-EX). VSM cells of normal-diet SED animals exhibited three components of I(K): 4-aminopyridine-sensitive I(K(KV)), TEA-sensitive I(K(BK)), and 4-aminopyridine + TEA-insensitive I(K). Females exhibited significantly higher basal I(K) than males in the same group. EX increased basal I(K) in males and females. HF reduced I(K) in males and females and nullified effects of EX. Endothelin-1 increased I(K) significantly in males but not in females. In the presence of endothelin-1, 1) I(K(KV)) was similar in SED males and females and EX increased I(K(KV)) to a greater extent in males than in females and 2) I(K(BK)) was greater in SED females than in males and EX increased I(K(BK)) to a greater extent in males, resulting in I(K(BK)) similar to EX females. Importantly, HF nullified effects of EX on I(K(KV)) and I(K(BK)). These data indicate that basal I(K) of SED female swine is inherently greater than that shown in SED males and that males require EX to achieve comparable levels of I(K). Importantly, HF reduced I(K) in males and females and nullified effects of EX, suggesting HF abrogates beneficial effects of EX on coronary smooth muscle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of sex, high-fat diet, and exercise training on potassium currents of swine coronary smooth muscle

Yang¹,

Jones²,

Thomas³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…By contrast, a sedentary life that reduces the flow in the lower limbs and enhances flow disturbances in the abdominal aorta might promote the development of atherosclerotic lesions as suggested by Zarins [5]. In fact, it was shown in animal studies carried out with pigs that physical fitness inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the pig abdominal aorta [28]. This might be related to the flow modification observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Flow patterns and preferred sites of atherosclerotic lesions in the human aorta – II. Abdominal aorta

2014

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OBJECTIVE: As in Part I, to elucidate the role of fluid mechanical factors in the localized genesis and development of atherosclerotic lesions in man, here in the abdominal aorta. METHODS: Flow patterns and preferred sites of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta were studied in detail using the same isolated transparent aortic trees prepared from humans postmortem and the flow visualization and cinemicrographic techniques as in Part I. RESULTS: Under steady flow simulating mid-systole, the flow was found to be disturbed at the aorto-celiac and aorto-superior mesenteric artery junctions by the formation of complex secondary and adverse flows along the lateral and posterior walls of the abdominal aorta. More complex secondary and adverse flows formed at the branching sites of the left and right renal arteries. Furthermore, considerable interactions occurred between the secondary and adverse flows formed at the branching sites of the above four arteries, resulting in the formation of a large and long recirculation zone along the lateral and posterior walls of the abdominal aorta corresponding to these branches. The velocity profile was almost flattened throughout the entire length of the descending aorta. CONCLUSIONS: Atherosclerotic lesions were found mainly at the posterior and lateral walls of the abdominal aorta where slow adverse and recirculation flows formed and where wall shear stress was low.

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“…Kramsch et al 51 found that ET before the induction of atherosclerosis in primates improved lipid profiles by lowering trigylcerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while increasing HDL-C. Further, they found that ET suppressed lesion size (intimal thickening), lesion composition, and widened coronary artery luminal diameter 51 . Conversely, Williams et al found that wheel running in monkeys did not slow the progression of CAD lesion size as measured by angiography, but it still improved other markers of CV health and attenuated stress responses from the pituitary adrenocortical axis 52 Link et al found that in swine the incidence of atherosclerotic regions was reduced with ET 53 . In Ossabaw swine with metabolic syndrome, exercise improved LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and reduced the percent of atherosclerotic plaque wall coverage in non-stented regions of coronary arteries assessed by IVUS 54 .…”

Section: Et and Coronary Plaque Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Exercise Training on Coronary Blood Flow in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Bruning

Sturek

2015

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

103

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Every 34 seconds an American experiences a myocardial infarction or cardiac death. Approximately 80% of these coronary artery disease (CAD)-related deaths are attributable to modifiable behaviors, such as a lack of physical exercise training (ET). Regular ET decreases CAD morbidity and mortality through systemic and cardiac-specific adaptations. ET increases myocardial oxygen demand acting as a stimulus to increase coronary blood flow and thus myocardial oxygen supply, which reduces myocardial infarction and angina. ET augments coronary blood flow through direct actions on the vasculature that improve endothelial and coronary smooth muscle function, enhancing coronary vasodilation. Additionally, ET promotes collateralization, thereby, increasing blood flow to ischemic myocardium and also treats macrovascular CAD by attenuating the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and restenosis, potentially through stabilization of atherosclerotic lesions. In summary, ET can be used as a relatively safe and inexpensive way to prevent and treat CAD.

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Effect of exercise on development of atherosclerosis in swine

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of sex, high-fat diet, and exercise training on potassium currents of swine coronary smooth muscle

Influence of sex, high-fat diet, and exercise training on potassium currents of swine coronary smooth muscle

Flow patterns and preferred sites of atherosclerotic lesions in the human aorta – II. Abdominal aorta

Benefits of Exercise Training on Coronary Blood Flow in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

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