Effect of exercise training on insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia and ectopic fat in black South African women: a randomized controlled trial

Smidt, Melony C Fortuin-de; Mendham, Amy E.; Hauksson, Jón; Hakim, Olah; Stefanovski, Darko; Clamp, Louise; Phiri, Lindokuhle; Swart, Jeroen; Goff, Louise; Micklesfield, Lisa K.; Kahn, Steven E.; Olsson, Tommy; Goedecke, Julia H.

doi:10.1530/eje-19-0957

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This study is a secondary analysis from a randomised control trial, for which information on recruitment, retention, methods and sample size determination have previously been reported [28]. Primary and secondary endpoints (insulin sensitivity, peak oxygen consumption [VO 2peak ] and body composition) from the original randomised control trial have been previously reported [29] and additional measures of mitochondrial respiration, skeletal muscle lipidomics, metabolomics and protein content not determined in the original study were analysed by the authors of this paper. All participants were recruited from a low socioeconomic urban area in Cape Town between July 2015 and December 2016.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. The exercise intervention consisted of 12 weeks of supervised aerobic and resistance training at a moderate-vigorous intensity for 40-60 min, 4 days/week by a trained facilitator, which included a 50% time split between the two modalities [29]. Aerobic exercises included dance, running, skipping and stepping at a moderate-vigorous intensity (75-80% peak heart rate [HR peak ]).…”

Section: Week Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ectopic lipid content After a standardised meal and drink (energy 2553 kJ, protein 21 g, carbohydrate 83 g, fat 22 g), MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to determine skeletal muscle (soleus, tibialis anterior) fat content, and intra-myocellular (IMCL) and extra-myocellular lipid content (EMCL), respectively. These investigations were completed using a 3 Tesla whole-body human MRI scanner (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) as described previously [3,29].…”

Section: Pre-and Post-intervention Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exercise training improves mitochondrial respiration and is associated with an altered intramuscular phospholipid signature in women with obesity

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis We sought to determine putative relationships among improved mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity and altered skeletal muscle lipids and metabolite signature in response to combined aerobic and resistance training in women with obesity. Methods This study reports a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial including additional measures of mitochondrial respiration, skeletal muscle lipidomics, metabolomics and protein content. Women with obesity were randomised into 12 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training (n = 20) or control (n = 15) groups. Pre- and post-intervention testing included peak oxygen consumption, whole-body insulin sensitivity (intravenous glucose tolerance test), skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration (high-resolution respirometry), lipidomics and metabolomics (mass spectrometry) and lipid content (magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy). Proteins involved in glucose transport (i.e. GLUT4) and lipid turnover (i.e. sphingomyelin synthase 1 and 2) were assessed by western blotting. Results The original randomised controlled trial showed that exercise training increased insulin sensitivity (median [IQR]; 3.4 [2.0–4.6] to 3.6 [2.4–6.2] x10−5 pmol l−1 min−1), peak oxygen consumption (mean ± SD; 24.9 ± 2.4 to 27.6 ± 3.4 ml kg−1 min−1), and decreased body weight (84.1 ± 8.7 to 83.3 ± 9.7 kg), with an increase in weight (pre intervention, 87.8± 10.9 to post intervention 88.8 ± 11.0 kg) in the control group (interaction p < 0.05). The current study shows an increase in mitochondrial respiration and content in response to exercise training (interaction p < 0.05). The metabolite and lipid signature at baseline were significantly associated with mitochondrial respiratory capacity (p < 0.05) but were not associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity or GLUT4 protein content. Exercise training significantly altered the skeletal muscle lipid profile, increasing specific diacylglycerol(32:2) and ceramide(d18:1/24:0) levels, without changes in other intermediates or total content of diacylglycerol and ceramide. The total content of cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) increased with exercise training with a decrease in the PC:PE ratios containing 22:5 and 20:4 fatty acids. These changes were associated with content-driven increases in mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.05), but not with the increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity or GLUT4 protein content. Exercise training increased sphingomyelin synthase 1 (p < 0.05), with no change in plasma-membrane-located sphingomyelin synthase 2. Conclusions/interpretation The major findings of our study were that exercise training altered specific intramuscular lipid intermediates, associated with content-driven increases in mitochondrial respiration but not whole-body insulin sensitivity. This highlights the benefits of exercise training and presents putative target pathways for preventing lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle, which is typically associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Week Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-and Post-intervention Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exercise training improves mitochondrial respiration and is associated with an altered intramuscular phospholipid signature in women with obesity

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regional body fat distribution (gynoid and android fat as a proportion of total fat mass (%FM)) was characterized as previously described [30,31]. After a standardized meal (Energy: 2553 kJ), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to determine VAT and SAT volumes using a 3 Tesla whole-body human MRI scanner (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) as previously described [32].…”

Section: Body Composition and Body Fat Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants involved in this cross-sectional study were young (23 (21-27) years), obese (33.9 ± 2.8) kg/m 2 ) women ( Table 1). The time course response of the glucose, insulin and c-peptide in response to the FSIGT have been recently published [32]. Self-reported dietary fat intake comprised of 34% of total energy (%E), of which 9.5%E was from SFA, 11.4%E from MUFA and 7.9%E from PUFA (Table 2).…”

Section: Participant Characteristics and Dietary Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Composition in Black South African Women with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims: During positive energy balance, excess lipid storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with increased lipolysis. Elevated circulating fatty acid (FA) concentrations from both SAT lipolysis and dietary fat intake may result in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, impairment of glucose metabolism, altogether increasing obesity-associated metabolic risks. We aimed to test the hypothesis that FA composition of red blood cell total phospholipids (RBC-TPL) and SAT is associated with body fat centralisation (VAT/SAT ratio) and insulin sensitivity (SI) in black South African women with obesity. Methods: Participants’ (n = 41) body fat composition and distribution, SI, and RBC-TPL, abdominal and gluteal SAT (gSAT) FA composition (gas-liquid chromatography) were measured. Results: RBC-TPL contained higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than SAT (p < 0.001), which were associated with lower SI (p < 0.05). Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)-16 were lower, while poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase indices were higher in RBC-TPL than SAT (p < 0.001). Interestingly, FA profiles differed between SAT depots with higher SFAs and lower MUFAs, SCD1-16 and SCD1-18 indices in abdominal compared to gluteal SAT (p < 0.01). In both SAT depots, higher SFAs and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) correlated with lower VAT/SAT ratio; and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) and higher total MUFA correlated with higher SI. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the relationships between the FA composition of RBC-TPL and SAT and metabolic risk in black women with obesity, which are dependent on both the FA class, and the tissue type/blood compartment in which they are distributed.

show abstract

Impact of training modes on fitness and body composition in women with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Davis

Blake

Perrotta

et al. 2022

Obesity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of different exercise modalities and determine the optimal exercise prescription for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and metabolic health of women with obesity. Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1988 and October 2020 was conducted. The RCTs were screened using the following inclusion criteria: 1) participants: women aged 18 to 65 years with BMI > 30 kg/m2 and without comorbidities; 2) intervention: exercise; 3) comparison: non‐intervention control; and 4) outcomes measures: cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), body composition (i.e., body weight, percentage body fat), and/or metabolic measures (i.e., blood pressure, cholesterol). Results A total of 20 RCTs with a total of 2,062 participants were included. Although the results showed that any form of exercise was more effective than control, improvements in fitness and body composition were modest. Aerobic exercise (vigorous and moderate intensity) appeared most promising for improving fitness and body weight, whereas low‐load resistance training resulted in the largest improvements in body fatness. Conclusions In women living with obesity, aerobic exercise was consistently effective in improving fitness and body composition. Although both resistance training and combined exercise interventions appear promising, more research is needed to evaluate their efficacy and determine an optimal exercise prescription for this population.

show abstract

Effect of exercise training on insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia and ectopic fat in black South African women: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Exercise training improves mitochondrial respiration and is associated with an altered intramuscular phospholipid signature in women with obesity

Exercise training improves mitochondrial respiration and is associated with an altered intramuscular phospholipid signature in women with obesity

Circulating and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Composition in Black South African Women with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Impact of training modes on fitness and body composition in women with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About