Effect of Experimental Parameters on the Extraction of Grape Seed Oil Obtained by Low Pressure and Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Abstract

Grape seeds are an important byproduct from the grape process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of experimental parameters (temperature and time of pretreatment with ultrasound) to obtain grape seed oil using low pressure (Soxhlet-Sox and Bligh Dyer-BD) and high pressure (supercritical carbon dioxide-SFE) methods. The best condition for pretreatment of samples was 30 min of sonication at 30 °C before extraction by Sox or BD. Ultrasound pretreatment was efficient to increase oil extraction yield by 32.10 (Sox), 20.31 (BD) and 12.54% (SFE), depending on the extraction method used as well as, and certainly influenced the total phenolic concentration in 311 (Sox), 234 (BD), and 184 (SFE)%. Ten fatty acids were identified in the oils, the major ones being 18:2ω-6cis (linoleic 52.39%–63.12%), 16:0 (palmitic 20.22%–26.80%) and 18:0 (stearic 8.52%–13.68%). The highest epicatechin concentration was identified in the BD sample: 30-30 (150.49 ± 5.98mg/kg), which presented a concentration of ≥3 times compared to the control (56.68 ± 1.81mg/kg). Ultrasound pretreatment also contributed positively (56% and 99% increase) in the α-tocopherol content of the SFE: 30-30 and BD: 30-30 samples, respectively. The results indicate that the ultrasound pretreatment is a suitable technology to improve the quality of the oil from the grape seed.

The use of emergent technologies to extract added value compounds from grape by-products

“…Based on the increase or decrease of temperature, the solubility of extract change, and the extracting agent can be separated from the solvent (Baiano, 2014;Barba et al, 2016). These facts were shown by several authors when applying the SFE to grape by-products (de Souza et al, 2020;Ghafoor, Park, & Choi, 2010;Manna et al, 2015).…”

“…Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a constituent of grape seeds, varying from 10 to 20% of DM, and it depends on the grape variety, origin, and environmental growing conditions (de Souza et al, 2020). It acts as a lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant, being involved in the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipoproteins from lipid peroxidation, preserving the integrity of biological membranes, lipoproteins, and lipid stores against oxidation (Barba et al, 2016;de Souza et al, 2020;Maroun et al, 2017). These mechanisms relate to the prevention of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cancer, aging, cataracts.…”

Modeling and experimental assessment of chemical and enzymatic extraction of bioactive components from passion fruit seed oil

“…The methodology described by Bligh and Dyer (1989) is commonly used for extracting oil from fruit seeds (Batias‐Montes et al, 2020; Rotta et al, 2018; Souza et al, 2020; Wannes & Marzouk, 2016). In this methodology, a binary mixture of chloroform is used to extract neutral and polar lipids (Iverson et al, 2001).…”

Syrah Grape Skin Residues Has Potential as Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Bioactive Compounds

“…Several extraction techniques have been studied in order to optimize the recovery of existing compounds in food or by-products (seed, bagasse, skin, stalk), including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) [ 19 , 20 ] and the use of several enzymes to degrade the vegetal matrix [ 21 , 22 ]. This method consists of the emission of ultrasonic waves that provide pressure variation in the liquid and, at the same time, cavitation capable of generating shear forces and microbubbles responsible for greater surface erosion, fragmentation and mass transfer [ 23 ].…”

“…The ultrasound technique is considered green technology because it requires less solvent and energy consumption, reduces the time for the process and requires moderate temperatures, which favors thermo-sensitive compounds, compared to conventional extractions, such as solid−liquid and Soxhlet [ 24 ]. Previous studies showed better results of bioactive compound extraction in grape by-products through the UAE application over conventional techniques [ 19 , 20 ]. Despite this, there is little information about the effect of UAE extraction using different conditions on the polyphenol compound content, and antioxidant capacity [ 25 ].…”