Effect of exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy and infancy on paediatric allergic rhinitis

Abstract

BackgroundThe effect of prenatal and postnatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the development of allergic rhinitis (AR) is poorly understood. We further identified the vulnerable period for AR development to determine methods to decrease adverse effects.MethodsWe used a large population-based birth cohort of 140 911 singleton live infants in Taichung, Taiwan with a highly temporal-resolution satellite-based hybrid model to evaluate the effects of prenatal and early postnatal exposure on the onset of AR.ResultsAmong 140 911 children, 47 276 (33.55%) were cases of incident AR. The mean age of the children with AR at initial diagnosis was 2.97±1.78 years. We identified a significant association of AR with an interquartile range (IQR 17.98 µg/m3) increase in PM2.5 from 30 gestational weeks to 52 weeks after birth. The exposure-response relationship revealed that AR had a significant positive association between PM2.5 of 26–76 µg/m3 (adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 1.00 to 1.05).ConclusionOur study provides evidence that both prenatal and postnatal exposures to PM2.5 are associated with later development of AR. The vulnerable time window may be within late gestation and the first year of life. Further study is required to confirm the vulnerable time period of PM2.5 on AR.

Long-term exposure to particulate matter on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The vast majority utilized a cohort study design ( n = 35) ( 6 , 7 , 17 – 20 , 22 – 33 , 35 , 36 , 38 – 51 ), and only three articles ( 21 , 34 , 37 ) used a case-control study design. Three studies ( 7 , 30 , 50 ) analyzed both cardiovascular and respiratory diseases; 22 studies ( 17 , 18 , 20 – 22 , 28 , 31 , 33 – 38 , 40 – 42 , 45 – 47 , 49 , 51 ) investigated only cardiovascular diseases, and 13 studies ( 6 , 19 , 23 – 27 , 29 , 32 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 48 ) assessed respiratory diseases. Seventeen ( 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 34 – 36 , 38 , 41 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 51 ) of the 38 studies reported morbidity as an outcome variable; 17 studies ( 6 , 7 , 17 – 20 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 46 ...…”

“…Three studies ( 7 , 30 , 50 ) analyzed both cardiovascular and respiratory diseases; 22 studies ( 17 , 18 , 20 – 22 , 28 , 31 , 33 – 38 , 40 – 42 , 45 – 47 , 49 , 51 ) investigated only cardiovascular diseases, and 13 studies ( 6 , 19 , 23 – 27 , 29 , 32 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 48 ) assessed respiratory diseases. Seventeen ( 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 34 – 36 , 38 , 41 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 51 ) of the 38 studies reported morbidity as an outcome variable; 17 studies ( 6 , 7 , 17 – 20 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 46 , 49 ) reported mortality, and 4 studies ( 42 , 44 , 45 , 50 ) reported both morbidity and mortality. Thirty-five studies were conducted in China ( 6 , 7 , 17 – 41 , 44 – 50 ); 2 studies were performed in Thailand ( 43 , …”

Prenatal and early-life exposure to traffic-related air pollution and allergic rhinitis in children: A systematic literature review

“…Verena Morgenstern et al [ 23 ] published the first study showing a relationship between PM 2.5 absorbance during early life and the development of AR in children. In two prospective cohort studies, Qi-Hong Deng et al [ 8 ] and Yu-Ting Lin et al [ 21 ] further divided prenatal period into three trimesters (early pregnancy, mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy) and came to the consistent conclusion that the vulnerable time window may be late pregnancy and the first year of life for AR in children. Qing Huang et al [ 2 ] conducted a case-control study of 3,165 preschool children from Wuhan and Ezhou, the results of this study highlighted that the effects of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy are stronger than exposure early in life.…”

Particulate Matter Exposure and Allergic Rhinitis: The Role of Plasmatic Extracellular Vesicles and Bacterial Nasal Microbiome

“…In particular, severe AR has been associated with significant impairments in quality of life, work performance, and sleep [39,40]. Increasing epidemiological studies conducted both on adults and children have been reporting an associative relationship between air pollution, including PM, and increased incidence of AR [7,9,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Indeed, allergens and environmental agents trigger reactive nasal inflammatory conditions such as AR via the involvement of host intrinsic factors, including the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as the bNM membership [47,48].…”