Effect of extrusion technology on hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) oil cake: Polyphenol profile and biological activities

Abstract

Effects of extrusion with varying barrel temperature, moisture content, and screw speed on hempseed oil cake were studied for the first time. Extrusion at lower moisture (30%) and higher screw speed (300 rpm) significantly increased the proportion of free polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenylpropionamide content, and α‐glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. Full factorial design confirmed the three‐way interactions among all extrusion parameters for all chemical assays with the bound phenolic fraction, total flavonoid content, and DPPH inhibition activity of the free phenolic fraction. HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS analysis tentatively identified 26 phenylpropionamides, and the contents of N‐trans‐caffeoyltyramine (66.26 µg/g) and total phenylpropionamides (85.77 µg/g) were significantly increased after extrusion at the lower moisture and higher screw speed extrusion conditions. The higher α‐glucosidase inhibition activity at higher screw speed could be due to the N‐trans‐caffeoyltyramine (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), while the AChE inhibition activity appeared to be influenced more by the cannabisins A‐C, M (r > 0.8, p < 0.01). Practical Application Hempseed oil cake is a byproduct of oil extraction, with high protein and high fiber contents. The results of this research could be used directly in food industry to improve the nutritional and commercial value of hempseed oil cake by extrusion technology.

Bioactive compounds from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds: optimization of phenolic antioxidant extraction using simplex lattice mixture design and HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2 analysis

“…In a comparative study of raw and extruded hempseed cakes from the CRS1 variety, the TPC achieved varies from 0.385 to 0.906 mg GAE per g sample. 16 In the same context (80% methanolic extracts), Moccia et al found a value of 1.71 mg GAE per g of hempseed flour, 7 while Siano et al recorded 0.744 mg GAE per g of hempseed flour, 8 both from Fedora cultivar. All these reported TPC values were lower than our result, affirming optimization processes' utility and importance.…”

“…These results are in perfect agreement with several studies which have determined the particular abundance of caffeoyltyramine and cannabisins in hempseeds. 12,16 Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the three identied phenolic acids (compounds 2, 3, and 32) are cinnamic acid derivatives. Benzoic acid was present in all solvent extracts, while no phenolic hydroxybenzoic acid was detected, contrary to several studies which proved their presence in hemp seeds such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, vanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid.…”

“…6,[11][12][13] The content of bioactive compounds varies according to the plant species, the organ studied, the environment, the genotype, and the method and conditions of extraction. [14][15][16] Several techniques are available today to extract bioactive compounds from plant materials, but organic solvent-based extraction is the most widely used method. 17 Nevertheless, the choice of solvent always remains a challenging determinant, affecting extraction selectivity.…”

UHPLC‐Orbitrap‐Fusion‐TMS‐Based Metabolomics Study of Phenylpropionamides in the Seed of Cannabis sativa L. against Alzheimer's Disease

“…Supporting Information for this article is available on the WWW under https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202201047. Additional references are cited within the Supporting Information [39–46] …”

Nutritionally Valuable Components and Heat-Induced Contaminants in Extruded Snack Products Enriched with Defatted Press Cakes

“…Leonard et al [ 9 ] reported that, for instance, the demand for use of hemp seed press cake for human nutrition is still very low, despite its high nutritional value (app. 30% protein, app.…”