Effect of FeCl3-conditioning on consolidation property of sewage sludge and vacuum preloading test with integrated PVDs at the Changan landfill, China

Lin, Weian; Zhan, Xiuan; Zhan, Tony L. T.; Chen, Yunmin; Jin, Yawei; Jiang, Junnan

doi:10.1016/j.geotexmem.2013.12.008

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Further, they typically exhibit very low shear strength, very high compressibility, swelling and shrinkage potentials and have very to extremely low permeability (Arulrajah et al (2011, Aydilek et al (2000), Chen et al (2014), Diliūnas et al (2010), Disfani et al (2013Disfani et al ( , 2015, Kayser et al (2011), Klein and Sarsby (2000), Koenig and Bari (2001), Lin et al (2014), Lo et al (2002), O'Kelly (2006O'Kelly ( , 2008aO'Kelly ( , 2008bO'Kelly ( , 2010O'Kelly ( , 2013aO'Kelly ( , 2014aO'Kelly ( , 2016aO'Kelly ( , 2016b, Quille (2009, 2010), Wang et al (1992), Wang and Tseng (1993), Wichmann and Riehl (1997), Zhan et al (2014), to name a few). For landfilled material, chemicals added during the water/ wastewater treatment processes tend to enhance the strength properties but reduce the level and rate of consolidation achievable on-site (O'Kelly and Quille, 2010).…”

Section: Typical Geotechnical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Management of these increasing amounts of sludge and residue materials is a key issue. Principal disposal options for these materials are ■ indefinite storage in shallow or deep lagoons (Claydon et al, 1997;Klein and Sarsby, 2000;Lin et al 2014;Zhan et al, 2014) ■ volume reduction by mechanical and (/or) thermal means followed by landfilling, either at dedicated monofills (O'Kelly, 2004(O'Kelly, , 2005b(O'Kelly, , 2010(O'Kelly, , 2016dLin et al 2014;Wang et al, 1992;Zhan et al, 2014), dedicated deposition areas at sanitary landfills (O'Kelly, 2008a) or co-disposal with municipal solid waste (MSW) in which these residue materials are usually intermixed with MSW streams (Koenig and Kay, 1995;Koenig et al, 1996;Lo et al, 2002;Loll, 1986Loll, , 1991) ■ the preferred route of beneficial use as agricultural land fertiliser (Elliott et al, 1990), for composting to produce a humus-like product resembling soil, in forestry and soil redevelopment (e.g. mine reclamation) ■ incineration.…”

Section: Management Of These Waste Streams and Principal Disposal Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental investigations have been reported by Aydilek et al (2000), O'Kelly (2005aO'Kelly ( , 2006O'Kelly ( , 2008b, Chen et al (2014), Lin et al (2014) and Zhan et al (2014), to name a few, for biosolids and sewage sludge materials and by Wang et al (1992), Wang and Tseng (1993), O'Kelly (2008aO'Kelly ( , 2010O'Kelly ( , 2016a and O'Kelly and Quille (2009) for alum WTR materials. Recommendations on laboratory consolidation and permeability testing of biosolids and sewage sludge materials are presented in O'Kelly (2016a).…”

Section: Compressibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

O’Kelly

2016

Geotechnical Research

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of reported field and laboratory investigations and theoretical work concerning the geotechnical behaviour/properties of water treatment residue (WTR), biosolids and sewage sludge materials, which are by-products of municipal water and wastewater treatment processes. After describing the backgrounds to the generation of these materials and various disposal options (with a focus on landfilling), including associated geotechnical issues, their physical, geotechnical index, compaction, undrained strength and effective-stress strength properties are described, including the effects of oxidation, biodegradation and viscous gellike pore fluid for biosolids/sewage sludge material. Characteristic compressibility, consolidation and permeability behaviour/properties are also presented for these materials and linked with microstructure and the chemicals added during the treatment processes. The paper then focuses on various geotechnical issues pertinent to landfill (monofill) disposal of these materials, including undrained strength requirements, design strength, on-site and laboratory strength measurements and water content-strength correlations. Since such correlations are material specific, with the geotechnical properties of biosolids, sewage sludge and WTR materials varying between water/wastewater treatment plants, they cannot be applied more widely with confidence. Alternative approaches to predicting undrained strength are described, including a power-law strength relationship with water content, which can be applied more generally. , 2008a). The type and amount of chemicals added depends on the nature of the source water, but primarily on its turbidity and hardness. The coagulants cause the colloidal particles present to aggregate into flocs (with the polyelectrolyte also acting as a binding agent to increase their inherent shear strength) that are more readily separated out by settling processes, removing not only the impurities but also the chemical additives. NotationThe residue so formed is categorised as aluminium sulfate (alum) or iron WTR material depending on the coagulant salt, with the former being the most widely used coagulant in the water treatment industry. Lime-softening sludge, composed of typically 80-95 wt% calcite (Raghu and Hsieh, 1986), is the result of softening hard water before its distribution as drinking water.Biosolids and sewage sludge materials are highly organic residue by-products of municipal waste water treatment, with the organic fraction originating principally from human faeces (primary sludge) and bacterial biomass (secondary sludge) and the inorganic fraction derived from materials such as soil, sediment and inorganic residuals (Haynes et al., 2009). According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2015), sewage sludge refers to the solids separated out during the treatment processes, whereas biosolids refers to treated sewage sludge material that meets regulatory pollutant-and pathogen-control requirements for land applica...

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Section: Typical Geotechnical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Management Of These Waste Streams and Principal Disposal Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compressibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

O’Kelly

2016

Geotechnical Research

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“…Therefore, an effective in situ treatment method, 'vacuum preloading combined with chemical conditioning', was proposed by Lin et al (2014) to treat sludge lagoons. Considering the very low coefficient of consolidation of disposed sewage sludge (10 −2 $10 −3 m 2 /year), first a chemical conditioning procedure is used to improve the consolidation property of sewage sludge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) In the pilot test, the vacuum transfer characteristics along the PVD were only representative of a height of 3.2 m. The development of vacuum pressure within the PVD might depend on the type, length, axial strain of the PVD, soil properties, sealing conditions of the membrane, and so on. Numerical simulations (Indraratna et al 2005a;Lin et al 2014) showed that if vacuum is lost along the PVD, consolidation settlement will decrease significantly with respect to the situation of no vacuum loss. Mesri and Khan (2012) stated that conflicting views continue to be disseminated concerning whether the magnitude of the vacuum would decrease with depth within vertical drains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field implementation of FeCl₃-conditioning and vacuum preloading for sewage sludge disposed in a sludge lagoon: a case study

Zhan

Lin

Zhan

et al. 2015

Geosynthetics International

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In China, sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants is usually disposed in sludge lagoons in municipal solid waste landfills. The increasing amount of sewage sludge generated has become a serious environmental problem. A two-stage method called 'vacuum preloading combined with chemical conditioning' is proposed to treat the disposed sludge. This study presents a case study of full-scale field implementation of the method in a sludge lagoon at the Changan landfill, China. In the first stage, the chemical conditioner was injected into the sludge to improve its consolidation property. The effect of chemical conditioning on dewaterability of sludge was evaluated based on the vacuum filtration test. In the second stage, prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) were installed in the sludge lagoon as a drainage path, and vacuum pressure was exerted on the conditioned sludge through the PVDs. After 4 months of vacuum preloading, the settlement of the 7 m thick sludge lagoon was approximately 2.91 m, and the volume of the sludge was reduced by 40%. The measurements of pore pressures in the PVDs showed that no attenuation took place for the distribution of vacuum pressure along the PVDs during the test, even when the axial strain of the PVD was 40%. The measurements of pore pressures away from the PVDs showed that pore water pressures in the sludge did not dissipate with respect to the hydrostatic pore water pressures. During the vacuum preloading of conditioned sludge, the degree of consolidation U p based on pore pressure was significantly lower than U s based on settlement.

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Geotechnical Engineering Properties of Solidified Sludge in Qizishan Landfill Site, China

Lin

Chen

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 2

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Effect of FeCl3-conditioning on consolidation property of sewage sludge and vacuum preloading test with integrated PVDs at the Changan landfill, China

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

Field implementation of FeCl₃-conditioning and vacuum preloading for sewage sludge disposed in a sludge lagoon: a case study

Geotechnical Engineering Properties of Solidified Sludge in Qizishan Landfill Site, China

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Effect of FeCl3-conditioning on consolidation property of sewage sludge and vacuum preloading test with integrated PVDs at the Changan landfill, China

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

Field implementation of FeCl3-conditioning and vacuum preloading for sewage sludge disposed in a sludge lagoon: a case study

Geotechnical Engineering Properties of Solidified Sludge in Qizishan Landfill Site, China

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Product

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Field implementation of FeCl₃-conditioning and vacuum preloading for sewage sludge disposed in a sludge lagoon: a case study