Effect of feed characteristics on the separation performances of monovalent and divalent salts by electrodialysis

Nature identification and morphology characterization of anion-exchange membrane fouling during conventional electrodialysis

“…Carbonate ionic forms would have, given their smaller size, demineralized before larger phosphate ions did. Hence, carbonate ions would have delayed the migration of phosphate ions, as in the case of calcium migration delay induced by sodium and potassium (i.e., smaller and monovalent ions with a higher mobility due to their hydration shell [13,17]). In the case of conditions where mineral fouling was present (i.e., with only CaCl 2 at pH of 7 and 12), the absence of carbonate and the fast depletion of Cl − ions from the diluate solution due to their high mobility would have forced phosphate ions to cross the AEM faster with respect to conditions with membranes showing no fouling.…”

Mass transfer modeling of desalination through an electrodialysis cell

“…Electrodialysis has proved its feasibility and high performance in the desalination of brackish water, desalting of amino acids and other organic solutions, effluent treatment or recycling industrial process streams and salt production [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Separation of fluoride from aqueous solution by electrodialysis: Effect of process parameters and other ionic species

“…At the end, ion concentrations increase in alternate compartments with a simultaneous decrease of ions in other compartments [21,22]. Previously, we studied the separation performances of monovalent and divalent salts by electrodialysis as a function of applied voltage, flow rate, and pH [23][24][25][26]. Elsewhere, separations of Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions from ternary mixtures prepared from NaCl-CaCl 2 and KCl-MgCl 2 mixtures were investigated by the electrodialysis (ED) method using batch mode of operation as a function of solution concentration, applied voltage and flow rate [27].…”