Nature identification and morphology characterization of anion-exchange membrane fouling during conventional electrodialysis

Desalination of fish meat extract by electrodialysis and characterization of membrane fouling

“…Here, it is thought that the organic matter contained in FME was adsorbed onto the AFX surface, which was in contact with the diluted FME to form the brown-spotted and colloid deposits, but no mineral fouling appeared on the AEM surface in contact with the concentrate. The result was different from that in the solutions containing CaCl 2 using a concentrated solution maintained at a pH value of 7 or 12, reported by Ayala-Bribiesca et al [32], which meant that the solution compositions could affect the features of membrane fouling. There were white crystals deposited onto the CMX membrane that was in contact with the concentrated solution and adjacent to the anionic surface of BP-1, though no white crystals were observed on the CMX surface in contact with the concentrated solution and adjacent to the cationic surface of BP-1.…”

High-impact polystyrene/polyaniline membranes for acid solution treatment by electrodialysis: Preparation, evaluation, and chemical calculation

“…PAni cation C 2 -C 3 1.40586 1.40729 C 3 -C 4 1.40669 1.40724 C 3 -N 12 1.39979 1.40892 N 12 -C 14 1.39979 1.35848 C 14 -C 15 1.40769 1.42628 C 14 -C 16 1.40886 1.42433 C 16 -C 19 1.38655 1.37265 C 19 -C 21 1.38735 1.42069 C 21 -N 29 1.38931 1.37873 C 25 -C 26 1.46191 1.42069 C 25 -C 27 1.35277 1.37289 C 26 -C 28 1.35277 1.42290 C 26 -N 29 1,30724 1.37172 C 27 -C 30 1.45967 1.42395 C 28 -C 32 1.35268 1.37277 C 30 -C 32 1.46194 1.42181 C 30 -N 34 1.30739 1.36729 N 34 -C 36 1.38966 1.38482 C 36 -C 37 1.41153 1.41974 C 36 -C 38 1. membranes present the advantages of low cost and easy production.…”

“…Membrane technology is a process that allows recuperating clean water and reintroducing it into the system [2,3]. Electrodialysis (ED) was initially developed for the desalination of saline solutions, but other applications, such as the treatment of industrial effluents, are gaining increasing importance [4][5][6]. ED has been used as an alternative to the conventional effluent treatment of the galvanic industry [7,8], because it allows the recovery of metal ions, minimizing or even avoiding the production of galvanic sludge.…”

Electrochemical desalination of solutions, containing hardness ions

“…До них можна віднести отримання лугу та сірчаної кислоти [5], лугу та соляної кислоти [6], лугу, сірчаної кис-лоти та гіпохлориту натрію [7]. Ці проблеми успіш-но вирішуються при застосуванні високоселектив-них іонообмінних мембран [4,8]. Проте, ситуація суттєво ускладнюється при наявності у воді [9,10] іонів жорсткості.…”