Effect of Feeding Frequency on Forage Fiber and Nitrogen Utilization in Sheep

Bunting, L. D.; Howard, M. D.; Muntifering, Russell B.; Dawson, K. A.; Boling, J. A.

doi:10.2527/jas1987.6441170x

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, because corn represented 30% of the concentrate, relatively rumen-resistant starch was fed in our study. 21,26,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Fermentation patterns and degree of carbohydrate digestion in the rumen influence intestinal digestion, because starch that is resistant to microbial digestion in the rumen (ie, bypass starch) is partially digested enzymatically in the small intestine and partially fermented in the large intestine (postruminal fermentation), with the rest being excreted in the feces. Furthermore, specimens of ruminal fluid were collected after completion of the myoelectric measurements to avoid creating disturbances of the tracings and, possibly, external effects on myoelectric activity of the colon by introducing the sample collection device into the rumen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an abrupt increase of starch-rich concentrates in the diet of dairy cows on concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and large intestine and on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon

Meylan¹,

Eicher²,

Blum³

et al. 2002

ajvr

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Although rumen fluid is of limited value for measurement of certain indicators of fermentation, fecal samples can be used for measurement of pH and VFA concentrations, which serve as indicators of fermentation patterns in the large intestine. Increased concentrations of VFA and low pH in large intestinal digesta have a minimal influence on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon. Increased luminal VFA concentrations are unlikely to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of motility disorders of the large intestine in cattle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an abrupt increase of starch-rich concentrates in the diet of dairy cows on concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and large intestine and on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon

Meylan¹,

Eicher²,

Blum³

et al. 2002

ajvr

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“…Because ruminants do not eat continuously throughout the day but eat in bouts (Burt and Dunton, 1967;Friggens et al, 1998), flavor variety may influence daily intake through changes in the distribution of feeding events over time (i.e., through changes in the feeding pattern). In addition, changes in feeding frequency may lead to physiological changes in the animal, such as a modification in the profiles of hormones involved in the control of feed intake (Bello et al, 2009) and nutrient utilization (Bunting et al, 1987). Lambs in the diversity treatment showed the greatest leptin and IGF-1 plasma concentrations (Table 5 and Figure 3, respectively) and lambs in the plain treatment showed the least plasma insulin concentrations at 200 and 300 min postfeeding (Figure 3), which would indicate that glucose supply at these times was low.…”

Section: Itemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behavior and performance of lambs are influenced by flavor diversity1,2

Villalba

Bach

Ipharraguerre

2011

Journal of Animal Science

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This study determined whether early experiences of sheep with the same feed, but presented in multiple or single flavors, would influence intake, the profile of hormones involved in feed intake regulation, and the subsequent acceptability of novel feeds. Thirty-five 2-mo-old lambs were randomly assigned to 5 treatments (7 lambs/treatment). Lambs in 1 treatment (the diversity treatment) were simultaneously fed an unflavored plain ration of alfalfa (control) and barley (75:25; as-fed basis) and the same ration mixed (0.2%) with 1 of 3 flavors: 1) sweet, 2) umami, or 3) bitter. The other 4 treatments (monotonous diets) received only 1 of the 4 rations. All animals were fed their respective rations from 0800 to 1600 h for 60 d. On d 55, intake was recorded every 30 min for 8 h. On d 58, blood samples from lambs were collected at 1 h prefeeding and at 30, 60, 210, 300, and 540 min postfeeding. Preference tests were conducted by simultaneously offering novel feeds: 1) high-energy feed, 2) high-protein feed, 3) beet pulp mixed with phytochemicals, or 4) low-quality feed. Lambs in the diversity treatment consumed more feed than did lambs in the other treatments (P < 0.001). Lambs in the diversity treatment consumed equivalent amounts of plain and umami feeds, with a greater amount (P < 0.001) of the umami feed being consumed than the bitter and sweet feeds. Lambs in the diversity treatment tended to grow faster than did lambs in the other treatments (P=0.06). On d 55, lambs in the diversity treatment showed decreased (P < 0.05) feed intake compared with lambs in the other treatments during the 2 peaks of food consumption (30 and 270 min from feeding) and showed a trend for the least plasma concentrations of ghrelin (P=0.06). In contrast, lambs in the diversity treatment consumed more feed than did lambs exposed to monotonous flavors at 60, 90, 120, and 180 min from feeding (P < 0.05). Lambs in the diversity treatment also showed the least concentrations of cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (P < 0.001). There were trends for the greatest concentrations of leptin (P=0.14) and IGF-1 (P=0.16) in the diversity treatment, and for the least concentration of leptin in the bitter treatment (P=0.14). Previous experience with flavored feeds affected the preference of lambs for high-energy and low-quality feeds, and for beet pulp mixed with phytochemicals (treatment × feed × day effect; P < 0.05). Thus, exposure to diverse flavors has the potential to increase feed intake and induce a more even consumption of feed across time by reducing peaks and nadirs of intake compared with exposure to monotonous rations. Flavor diversity may also influence the initial acceptability of and preference for novel feeds.

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“…Feeding a split ration has been used in efforts to alleviate the impact of high heat and humidity, conditions that are common in the U.S. Virgin Islands (Gaughan et al, 1996;Brosh et al, 1998;Ominski et al, 2002;Davis et al, 2003). Other studies have been done to evaluate the impact of feeding frequency on rumen characteristics and nutrient absorption (Bunting et al, 1987;Soto-Navarro et al, 2000;Robles et al, 2007). Most of these studies have been conducted with either feedlot or dairy cattle, and very little has been done with small ruminants fed concentrate rations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a split feeding regimen and breed on body temperature of hair sheep ewes in the tropics1

Godfrey

Vinson

Ketring

2013

Journal of Animal Science

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Lactating St. Croix White and Dorper×St. Croix White ewes were used to evaluate the effect of breed and feeding a split ration on body temperature during the cool (March-April) and warm (July-August) seasons in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Within each season ewes were assigned to treatments (n=8/treatment) based on breed, age, and number of lambs. Treatments consisted of individually feeding ewes daily 0.9 kg concentrate (16.4% CP and 68% TDN) in the morning (AM) or afternoon (PM), 0.45 kg in the morning and afternoon (AM-PM), or no feed (Control) for 56 d beginning on d 7 (lambing=d 0). Ewes were fitted with intravaginal temperature data loggers, set to record vaginal temperature (VT) at 5-min intervals, for 48 h in wk 2 (d 8-14), 5 (d 29-35), and 8 (d 50-56) postpartum. Repeated measures analysis of VT was conducted using a model including treatment, season, and breed as fixed effects. There was no effect of season so data were pooled across season. The interaction of breed with treatment or season was not significant so breed comparisons were made using data pooled across treatments and season. The mean temperature, relative humidity, and temperature-humidity index during the cool and warm seasons were 25.8°C, 85.9%, and 76.1 and 28.3°C, 86.7%, and 80.6, respectively. There was no effect of season or the breed×treatment×season interaction on VT (P>0.10) so all data were pooled across season and breed for analysis of the treatment effect. During wk 2 there was no difference (P>0.10) in VT among treatment groups. During wk 5 the AM-PM ewes had higher (P<0.01) VT than AM, PM, or Control ewes. During wk 8 the AM-PM and PM ewes had higher VT (P<0.01) than either the AM or Control ewes. To evaluate breed effect, data were pooled across treatments and seasons and analyzed using breed as the single main effect. Dorper×St. Croix White ewes had higher (P<0.0001) VT than St. Croix White ewes. The results show that body temperature of ewes can be influenced by time of feeding and breed. The local breed of sheep, St. Croix White, had a lower body temperature than Dorper×St. Croix White sheep. Ewes that were fed in the afternoon for an extended time during the postpartum period developed elevated body temperatures, which could make them more susceptible to heat stress.

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Effect of Feeding Frequency on Forage Fiber and Nitrogen Utilization in Sheep

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of an abrupt increase of starch-rich concentrates in the diet of dairy cows on concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and large intestine and on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon

Effects of an abrupt increase of starch-rich concentrates in the diet of dairy cows on concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and large intestine and on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon

Feeding behavior and performance of lambs are influenced by flavor diversity1,2

The effect of a split feeding regimen and breed on body temperature of hair sheep ewes in the tropics1

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