Effect of feeding supplemental fat or lysine during the postweaning period on the reproductive performance of sows with low or high lactation body weight and fat losses

Abstract

Grandhi, R.R. 1992. Effect of feeding supplemental fat or lysine during the postweaning period on the reproductive performance of sows with low or high lactation body weight and fat losses. Can. J. Anim. . The effects of feeding supplemental fat or lysine during the postweaning period on breeding and subsequent reproductive performance were determined in two experiments ofa 2 x 3 factorial design, using 168 Landrace x Yorkshire hrst-parity (exp. 1) and 180 Yorkshire second-parity (exp. 2) sows. At the end of lactation, they were divided into two groups: LWL (< 14 kg) and HWL (> 14 kg) based on 3 wk lactation weight loss. The three experimental diets fed during the postweaning period were: (1) control; a 12% gestation diet fed 2 kg d-' (24.'7 MJ DE, 9.4 g lysine d -' )l (2 ) Fat; control diet plus animal fat to provide approximately 50% more daily energy intake (37.0 MJ DE d-'); and 13) Lysine; control diet plus lysine to provide approximately 50% more daily lysine intake (14.4 g d-r;. After breeding, all sows were fed the control dietat2 kg d-', and they were killed at 30 d of gestation to evaluate their reproductive performance. High weight loss during the lactation period increased the incidence of anestrus and reduced the pregnancy rate in first-parity sows. Feeding supplemental fat was beneficial in increasing the proportion of sows in estrus within 7 d postweaning and the pregnancy rates of first-parity sows with high lactation weight loss. Supplemental fat also had a beneficial effect on ovulation rate, the number of normal embryos, fetal survival and the fetal weights, whereas supplemental lysine improved only fetal weights. Feeding supplemental fat or lysine improved only ovulation rate in second-parity sows with high lactation weight loss. The results indicated that feeding supplemental fat or lysine can improve the postweaning reproductive performance of sows that had high weight and fat losses during lactation.

Effects of selection for lower backfat, and increased dietary lysine level to digestible energy with supplemental threonine and methionine on lactation performance of Yorkshire and Hampshire sows

“…A highly significant positive correlation was observed between sow body weight and backfat changes. Grandhi (1992) also reported similar positive correlation between sow body weight and backfat losses during lactation. Sow body weight and backfat at lactation day 1 tended to be negatively correlated with sow weight and backfat changes and feed intake similar to the relationships observed between the gestation weight gains and these traits.…”

“…Cette amélioration était généralement plus stable chez les truies sélectionnées sur l'amincissement du lard dorsal. Race, lysine, acide aminé, énergie, truie, lactation Sows with an excessive loss of body weight and backfat during lactation often experience prolonged weaning-tooestrus intervals (King 1987;Yang et al 1989), poor conception and low embryo survival rates (Grandhi 1992) which can reduce the sow productivity. Inadequate nutrition during lactation can also adversely affect sow milk production causing a reduction in piglet weight gains and reduced survival (Aherne and Kirkwood 1985;Cole 1990).…”

Effect of dietary methionine to lysine ratio on lactation performance of first and second parity Yorkshire and Hampshire lean genotype sows

“…During a nutritional deficiency, sows can mobilize body reserves of fat and protein for milk production, but an excess depletion of body reserves can cause delayed estrus (King 1987;Yang et al 1989), poor conception and embryo survival (Grandhi 1992), resulting in reduced sow productivity. Modern lean genotype sows possess a relatively high genetic potential for milk production, and thus require more dietary energy and amino acids than conventional sows to express their potential [National Academy of SciencesNational Research Council (NAS-NRC) 1998].…”

Apparent absorption and retention of nutrients during the postweaning period in sows fed supplemental fat or lysine

“…The data were analyzed separately for first-and second-parity sows, using the general linear model procedure of the Statistical Anaiysis System Institute, Inc. (1985 (Grandhi 1992 (Rheaume and Chavez 1989;Grandhi and Ibrahim 1990). Therefore, both the absorption and retention values were approximately the same for these trace minerals.…”

“…They also reported that sows that were given low feed intakes (2.5 vs. 5.0 kg d-') during lactation failed to deposit any body tissue during the postweaning period. Roos et al (1988) (Grandhi 1992 (AOAC 1984), using the Tecator kjeltec system (Fisher Scientific). The feed and feces samples were ashed, whereas freshly thawed urine was digested with nitric and hydrochloric acids and used to determine calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, manganese, copper and zinc.…”