Effect of Feeding with High γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Containing Giant Embryo Black Sticky Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Alcohol Intake in C57BL/6 Mice

Abstract

It is known that black sticky rice with giant embryo (BSRGB, Milyang 263) and giant embryo rice (GER) contains higher levels of GABA than rice. Therefore, feeding BSRGB, GER, or rice freely to C57BL/6 mice with two-hour alcohol intake for 16 days was investigated. For two-hour alcohol intake, a repeated measure ANOVA (three treatment groups repeated across 16 days; 8 two-day blocks) yielded a significant group by block interaction (df=16, F=3.109, p=0.004). The independent t-test showed that significant suppression of two-hour alcohol intake was observed when subjects were administered with BSRGB, compared with the rice alone across all the two-day blocks (p<0.05). The paired t-test revealed that a significant suppression of two-hour alcohol intake was observed starting 4 to 16 days after freely feeding with BSRGB compared to before feeding. However, there is no significant difference in the two-hour alcohol intake observed between the before and after administration of rice. A repeated measure ANOVA revealed no significant group by block interaction for 22-hour water intake and body weight. However, a repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant grouping by block interaction for food intake. These results indicate a change of two-hour alcohol intake is presumably caused by GABA, which is found in higher levels in BSRGB than in rice.

The Effect of Oral Administration of Black Sticky Rice with Giant Embryo on Brain GABA Concentrations

“…They suggested that a limited diffusion of GABA from blood into brain induced physiological changes in monoaminergic neurons. Thus, although the results of this study cannot conclusively determine whether BSRGE GABA component can pass through BBB, daily intake of BSRGE in previous studies altered the degree of alcohol intake [11], alcohol-related indices [12] and anxiety-related behaviors [13] and its results may be related to an increase of GABA concentration and neurotransmission in CNS after BSRGE intake.…”

“…Investigations suggest an association between alcohol intake, alcohol-related indices and effects of BSRGE. Kim et al [11] reported that feeding BSRGE freely to C57BL/6 mice induced a significant decline in 2-h alcohol intake compared with the control group. The changes in 2-h alcohol intake were attributed to higher GABA levels in BSRGE than in the general brown rice.…”

Effect of GABA Extract of Black Sticky Rice with Giant Embryo on Alcohol‐Related Indices After Acute Alcohol Intake in Social Drinkers

“…An animal testing with BSRGE indicated a change of alcohol intake. Kim and colleagues () reported that feeding BSRGE freely to C57BL/6 mice had a significant suppression of 2‐hour alcohol intake, compared with control groups. The authors presumed the change of 2‐hour alcohol intake is caused by GABA, which is found in higher levels in BSRGE than in general brown rice (Kim et al., ).…”